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REPORT 

on the MEASUREMENT of the 

VOLUME OF STREAMS 



AND THE 



FLOW OK WATER 



IN THE 



STATE OR NEW YORK. 



By EDWARD A. BOND t 

State Engineer and Surveyor. 
DECEMBER \ f \ 900. 



t£T* t^P <3* 



ALBANY; 

JAMES B. LYON, STATE PRINTER. 

190 1. 



/ 



REPORT 

™™ MEASUREMENT™ 

VOLUME OF STREAMS 

AND THE 

FLOW OF WATER 

IN THE 

STATE OF NEW YORK. 






By EDWARD A^BOND, 
State Engineer and Surveyor. 

DECEMBER i, 1900. 



ALBANY: 

JAMES B. LYON, STATE PRINTER. 

1900. 



13 1907 
D. of a 



LC Control Number 



tmp96 026039 



MEASUREMENT 



VOLUME OF STREAMS AND FLOW OF ITER 

IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 

December 1, 1900. 



ERRATA. 



Page 5, insert before last paragraph : 

" The results which have been obtained are largely due to the 
effective, attention and efforts of Mr. F. H. Newell, Ilydrographer 
U. S. G. S. at Washington, and of Mr. R. K Horton, U. S. G. S. 
. in local charge." 

Page 9, 24th line, read "streams" for "dams." 
Page 24,19 th line, after " weirs have been erected" insert "by 

Prof Olin II. Landreth C. K" 

Page 44, 18th line, Formula (3) should read "C=l-( 0, °^ 84,6+d) W" 

Page 44, footnote, add, "see Report of State Engineer and Sur- 
veyor of New York, 1896, p. 858." 

Page 4S, 14th line, Formula should read "Q=3.01 LH 153 ." 

Page 101, 5th line, after " L900," insert "by Prof E D. Walker 

O. E." 
Page 106, 21st line, after " 1900," insert "by Prof E. D. Walker 

a e." 

Page 107, in table, 2d line, " 9J^9. 8 " should read "946.* " 
Page 108, 27th line, ", deducted " should read " deduced." 
Page 114, in table, 1st line, reading "Amos Race = l93 5 " should 

be omitted. 
Page 114, in table, 4th Hue, " 1881 " should read " 1687.* " 
Page 114, in table, 4th line, add "including Amos race." 

Tbese errors and omissions will not occur in this report when it is printed as a part of the 
forthcoming Annual Report of the State Engineer for 1900. 



MEASUREMENT 



VOLUME OF STREAMS AND FLOW OF WATER 

IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 



The Slate Engineer and Surveyor receives many requests for 
information on the above subject which becomes more important 
with the growing demand for various water supplies for the great 
cities and with the increasing desire to develop the many water 
powers throughout the State. Having in view these facts, the 
State Engineer, during the last session of the Legislature, favored" 
the enactment of the following quoted law: 

"The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and 
Assembly, do enact as folloics: 

"The treasurer shall pay, on the warrant of the comptroller 
for the state engineer and surveyor, one thousand dollars to be 
used with the United States Geological Survey in hydrographic 
work connected with the measurements of the volume of streams 
and flow of water in the state of New York." 

This law became a law April 13, 1900, being paragraph 11 of 
chapter 420, Laws of 1900. 

Under the provisions of this law, which is similar in effect to 
existing laws in other States, the State Engineer has arranged a 
system of co-operation with the United States Geological Survey 
by which the State has the full benefit of the experienced and 
skillful observers of this Department and of their accurate instru- 
ments and methods, and thus obtains, at a merely nominal cosl, 
information which is already of evident value which will be in- 
creased by continuance. 



Under this law observations have been continued during the 
year at a number of stations at which observations have hereto- 
fore been made by voluntary observers, acting under the direction 
of the United States Geological Survey, and there have also been 
added other stations. Most of the former stations where observa- 
tions have been and are still made are located at dams where it 
has been found that the records were rendered uncertain by the 
leakage of the dams, the changes in the crests of the dams by 
flash-boards and by leakages from the flumes and other works con- 
nected with the dams. 

In selecting the new stations, they have been located with a 
view of avoiding these uncertainties by making observations in 
unobstructed reaches of the streams where the flow is, so far as 
possible, uniform and where the flow of water at various stages 
can be determined by current meters; gauges for the height of 
stream are set at these points and are observed twice a day by 
resident observers who record the readings and report them to the 
central office. There are fifteen of these paid resident observers 
and they receive an average of |3.50 per month each. One gauge 
is usually set for a low stage and this is submerged at high-water, 
when readings are made on another gauge, set for this purpose 
near the top of the river bank. i 

To determine the mean volume of water passing day by day, it 
is only necessary to have a skilled observer, with a current meter, 
visit each station for a few hours at times when the stream is at 
various heights and thus to determine by observations made with 
the meter the amounts of water passing for different heights of 
the gauge reading, the discharge of the stream being fairly con- 
stant for a given height on the gauge and increasing in more or 
less regular ratio as the water-level rises. It will thus be prac- 
ticable to construct for each stream a table showing the amount 
of water passing for any given height and thus to obtain, by com- 
bining the daily gauge-readings of the local observers with the 
occasional meter-readings of the skilled observers, a complete 
record of the flow of the stream. 

When satisfactory conditions of regular flow are found near a 
bridge, gauges are so located that the meter-observations can be 



made from the bridge spanning the stream; but such locations are 
avoided if the llow is much disturbed by bridge piers making 
accurate records impossible and producing misleading results. 

In some cases (as on the Oswego river eight miles from Lake 
Ontario) a fixed wire cable is stretched across the stream well 
above high-water level, and the observer makes meter-readings 
from a car in which he travels upon this cable. 

It is intended to establish these meter stations upon all the 
streams where it is practicable and to gradually discontinue the 
observations at dams where the conditions are unsatisfactory. 

In collecting for publication the records obtained during 1900, 
there have also been collected certain heretofore unpublished 
former records of these streams and the results are here given in 
tables showing the daily mean flow, and also hydrographs which 
give the same information graphically, and which show at a 
glance the periods of high-water and of low-water and the regular 
or erratic character of the flow of the various streams, which differ 
widely with the varied nature of their watersheds. The hydro- 
graph of the Oswego river, for instance, is exceptionally uniform, 
showing the effect of natural regulation of its flow by the many 
central New York lakes which it drains. The hydrographs of 
several of the creeks which flow into the Mohawk show sudden 
and extreme variations, resulting from the quick run-off which 
is characteristic of their watersheds. 

The tables give the daily means of flow in more detailed form, 
and such photographs are given as are necessary to show the 
varied conditions existing at the several stations. 

The value of these records is such as to show that the system 
should be extended and made to include many other important 
streams in different parts of the State, and the appropriation of a 
proper sum is recommended for this purpose. 

Herewith is given detailed report of the hydrographer in charge 

of the observations, with the figures and tables which show the 

results, all of which is presented to the Legislature. 

December 1, 1900. 

EDWARD A. BOND, 

State Engineer and Surveyor of New York. 



REPORT ON GAUGINGS OF THE 

STREAMS OF NEW YORK STATE 

FOR THE YEAR 1900. 



By Robert E. Horton. 



The following report contains the results of hydrographic work 
done in the State of New York, pursuant to the provisions of 
chapter 420, Laws of 1900, in co-operation with the United States 
Geological Survey. 

The locations of gauging stations, which have been maintained 
or established during the present year, are given in the table 
below. Most of the older stations were established in connection 
with the Upper Hudson Storage Survey of 1895 and 1896, or by 
the Water Supply Division of the United States Deep Waterways 
in 1898. All of the older stations are in connection with dams 
and mills. 

Considering first the dam proper, the length and profile of the 
crest has in each case been determined during the season of low 
water, and the volume of flow, corresponding to a series of ob- 
served depths on the crest, has been computed. The general 
formula for flow over a weir or dam has been used in the form 



given by Bazin. Q=M L H \f 2 g H. Q=Discharge in second 
feet. L = Length of crest or overfall in feet. H = Observed 
depth on crest. M = A coefficient varying in value with the head 
and form of dam. 

In order to take into account modifications of discharge, due to 
variations in the width of crest of dams, slope and form of aprons, 
etc., values of the coefficient M have been selected in each case 
as deduced from experiments on models of dams of similar cross- 
section. Experiments made at the hydraulic laboratory of Cor- 



nell University, for the United States Board of Engineers on Deep 
Waterways, and also by James R. Freeman, O. E., have largely 
been drawn upon. 

Gauges have, as a rule, been placed several feet upstream from 
dams, where the cross-sectional areas of the mill ponds are so 
great as to make the velocity of approach negligible. 

Having calculated the flow for a series of crest depths, extend- 
ing from zero to the extreme high water mark, a discharge curve 
has been plotted, from which the volume of flow over the entire 
dam, corresponding to any gauge height, could be read directly. 
When flashboards are placed on dame, the conditions are reduced 
more nearly to those of a standard sharp crested weir, and Fran- 
cis' well known formula, having a constant coefficient 3.33, has 
been used in computing the flow. 

The discharge over waste weirs, auxiliary spillways and flood 
overflows has been calculated in a manner similar to that used for 
dams. The amount of flow through head-gates, sluice-ways, 
feeder-gates, and similar openings, has been calculated from the 
formula for orifices. Q=C A \/2gH. A= Discharge in second 
feet. A s= Area of section of orifice in square feet. H = Ob- 
served head, or for a submerged orifice, the difference of elevation 
of water surface of the upstream and downstream sides. C = A 
coefficient usually taken at 0.62. Precise experiments to deter- 
mine the value of the coefficients of discharge through large sub- 
merged orifices, as in bulk-heads or canal feeder-gates, are not 
available. 

Ourrent-meter measurements made in a number of channels 
have shown the value as given above to be about right for most 
of the cases thus far encountered. 

In estimating the discharge through turbine water wheels, the 
results of tests, made at the testing flume of the Holyoke Water 
Power Company, have been largely depended upon, the mean 
discharge for each day having been computed from the observed 
working head, width of opening of speed gates, and number of 
hours that each wheel has been run. A record of these facts is 



kept at each of the stations where there are mills in connection 
with dams. 

One difficulty encountered in gauging northern streams re- 
sults from the accumulation of ice during the winter season. It 
has been found impossible to keep such crests clear of ice, and 
an effort is made to keep a record of the relative length of the 
clear and obstructed portions of the dams, from which a correc- 
tion in the calculated flow can be made. In the case of current 
meter stations also, the wetted perimeter, and consequently the 
slope and velocity at a given stage or gauge height, are affected 
to some extent by the complete or partial freezing over of the 
dams. 

Views of the cross-sections of many of the dams where gauge 
records are kept, as well as the results of the experiments made 
at Cornell University to determine the proper coefficients of dis- 
charge, may be found in a paper on Flow of Water over Dams 
by Geo. W. Kafter, M. Am. Soc. C. E., contained in Proc. Am. 
Soc. C. E., March, 1900.* 

In connection with all older stations at dams and mills, an 
effort has been made to check and improve upon the previous 
results by making current meter measurements to determine the 
volume of flow through turbine water wheels, and the proper 
allowance to be made for leakage of dams, and to check the cal- 
culated flow over dams. 

The new stations established during the present year are chiefly 
current meter stations, a gauge being read once or twice daily to 
determine the stage of the river, and the current meter measure- 
ments made as opportunity permits, with the water at different 
stages. Sufficient current meter measurements have not as yet 
been made at any of these stations to permit of the construction 
of rating curves, so that the daily flows in second-feet cannot as 
yet be given. 

In addition to the above, examinations have been made of vari- 
ous streams, notably those flowing from the northern slope of the 

*(See Water Supply and Irrigation Paper, U. S. G. S., No. 35, page 21.) 



.10 

Adirondack region, to determine favorable localities for estab- 
lishing gauging stations. A number of gauging records have also 
been obtained, which are not yet ready for publication. 

With reference to precision of the results of New York gaug- 
ings, it may be said that they are probably as accurate as con- 
tinuous records of flow of streams of large magnitude can be 
made without excessive outlay. No single method of gauging 
has been followed exclusively, but different methods have been 
pursued with a view to checking the results obtained by each 
method. In a number of instances the methods of weir and cur- 
rent meter measurements have been combined in a single station, 
the former being employed to calculate the flow over dams, while 
the current meter was depended upon to estimate diversion to 
canals or for water power purposes. 

At the beginning of the year many of the older stations were 
neglected and the guages out of repair. Many of the gauges 
have been replaced by new ones having metallic figures and 
division marks, and other changes have been made with a view 
to increasing the accuracy of the results. Gauge readers have as 
a rule been careful and painstaking in their work, and a large 
share of credit is accorded to them, as well as to assistants who 
have aided in the preparation of the report. 



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12 



QUERENT METER MEASUREMENTS, 

The following table (No. 2) shows the results of current meter 
measurements made on principal streams during the present year. 
A modified form of Price meter, adopted by the United States 
Geological Survey, has been used. The usual mode of procedure 
is to submerge the meter 0.6 of the depth of the stream at meas- 
ured intervals across the channel, and record the revolutions for 
a period of one hundred seconds. In cases of doubt, surface and 
bottom velocities have also been taken, or the flow determined by 
the method of integration as a check. 

Many of these measurements were made at places where per- 
manent stations have not been maintained, and the quantities 
given in the column for gauge heights are the distances to water 
surface measured from some fixed point of reference, usually the 
coping of a pier or abutment. In addition to the results included 
in the table, about thirty-five current meter measurements have 
been made in head-races, feeders, power canals, and other chan- 
nels, to determine the leakage of dams, flow through turbines and 
diversion to canals. The results of these measurements will be 
found in connection with the descriptions of different gauging 
stations. 

Field work for the present season was not begun until so late 
a period that, in many instances, current meter measurements to 
check the calculated flow over dams during high-water could not 
be made. Additional meter measurements are also needed to 
establish discharge curves at all the current meter stations. This 
report must therefore be considered as being, in some degree, pre- 
liminary. 



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14 



DESCRIPTION OF TABLES OF DAILY FLOW. 

For mill streams, where the water is held back as pond storage 
during the dry season, it is impossible to determine the natural 
regimen of flow of the stream. This is especially true with 
reference to Sundays or holidays when mills are not running. If 
at the time the water wheels are stopped, the water stands below 
the level of the crest line of the dam, the flow in the stream chan- 
nel below will be nil, or at best, will only equal the leakage of 
the dam, flumes, or penstocks. 

With regard to estimation of Sunday flows, no uniform rule 
has been followed. In case of some of the older records, the 
Sunday flow during the dry season has been taken as the mean 
of the calculated flows for the preceding and following days, and 
this method, where previously used, has been adhered to. In 
other instances, the flow given in the table for each day is that 
shown by the gauging record, and represents, as nearly as may 
be, the actual amount of water flowing in the stream channel 
below the dam, but may be quite different from the amount en- 
tering the pond above the dam. 

The relation existing between the canals of New York and the 
streams of the central portion of the State is very implicit. Di- 
version from the headwaters of a number of streams for the 
supply of canals virtually reduces their effective drainage areas. 
As a result, the summer watershed may be materially less in 
area and differ widely in its water yielding characteristics from 
the region tributary to the stream when the canals are not in 
operation. It is evident that the run-off from such streams is 
not comparable with that from streams having an undisturbed 
regimen. 

It often happens that a single gauge reading, taken at or near 
the culmination of a flood, shows a larger flow than the mean for 
any single day. The results of such isolated observations, 
together with other data relative to extremes of flow, have been 
given for a number of stations. 



La 

The drainage areas tributary to the various si reams above the 
gauging stations, and at other points, are shown in the following 
table (No. 3): 

Table No. S — Drainage Areas Tributary to New York Streavis. 



Batten kill 

Beaver river 

Beaver river 

Beaver river 

Black creek 

Black river 

Black river 

Black river 

Cay adutta creek 

Cayadutta creek 

Chittenaugo creek 

Chlttenango creek 

East Cauada creek 

East Cauada creek 

Fish creek, East branch 
Fish creek, West branch 

Fulton chain 

Hoosic river 

Hudson river 

Hudson river 

Hudson river 

Hudson river 

Hudson river 

Indian lake 

Lake Neatahwanta 

Mohawk river 

Mohawk river 

Mohawk river 

Mohawk river 

Mohawk river 

Moose river 

Moose river 

Nine Mile creek 

Nine Mile creek 

Oneida creek 

Oneida creek 

Oneida lake 

Oneida river 

Oriskany creek 

Oriskany creek 

Oswego river 

Oswego river 

Oswego river 

Oswego river 

Oswego river 

Sacandaga river 

Salmon river 

Salmon river 

Sauquoit creek 

Sauquoit creek 

Schoharie creek 

Schoharie creek 

Schoharie creek 

Schoharie creek 

Schroon river 

Seneca river 

Seneca river 

West Canada creek 

West Canada creek 

West Canada creek 

West Canada creek 



Mouth (/) 

Mouth , 

Above Beaver , 

Below Beaver 

Mouth (e) , 

Mouth 

Gauging station , 

Forestport 

Mouth (g) 

Gauging station . 

Mouth 

Bridgeport (c) 

Mouth (g) .. 

Gauging station 

Point Rock 

McConnellsviile (c) 

Above old forge 

Mouth (/).. 

Troy 

Above Mohawk 

Mechanicville 

Fort Edward 

Hadley (6) 

Gauging station (/) 

Mouth of outlet (e) 

Mouth 

Rexford Flats (c) 

Schenectady (c) 

Little Falls (c) 

Ridge Mills (c) 

Mouth 

Cable station 

Mou h (gr) 

Gauging station 

Mouth .. 

Knuwood (c) 

Water surface 

Mouth 

Mouth (g) 

state dam (c) 

Mouth 

High dam 

Cable station 

Fulton 

Beiow Three River Point. 

Mouth (/) ,. 

Bridge station 

One mile above falls 

Mouth (3) 

Gauging station 

Mouth (gr) 

Fort Hunter (c) ■ 

Millpoint (<•) . . 

Schoharie Falls (c) 

Gauging station 

Mou'h 

Baldwinsville (c) 

Mouth (g) 

Middleville (c) 

Trenton Falls 

Twin Rock bridge (c) 



Square miles. 



438 (d) 

822 

153 

169 

39 

,930 

,889 

268 <d) 

62 (d) 
40 (d) 

309 (d) 

307 (d) 

283 

256 

1114 (d) 

187 (dj 
41 

730 (a) 
,000 (a) 
,627 
,5(10 (a) 
.SOU («.) 
,092 (a) 

146 
23 
,46b (a) 
,385 (d) 
,212 
,306 (d) 

153 (d) 

406 

346 
74 (d) 

63 (d) 
149 (d) 

59 <d) 

80 (d) 

,402 (d) 

146 (d) 

144 (d) 
,002 
,000 
,990 
,916 

167 (d) 
,056 (d) 

264 

191 (d) 
67 
51.5 

947 (d) 

947 (d) 

934 

9i0 

563 
1,433 (d) 
!,1"3 (d) 

569 

M8 

375 

252 



(a) From Upper Hudson storage surveys. 

(b) Not including Schroon river 

(c) Gauging station. 

(d) From United States Deep Waterways surveys. 



(e) Oswego tributary. 
(/) Hudson tributary. 
(flO Mohawk tributary. 



16 



BLACK RIVER AT HUNTINGTONVILLE, JEFFERSON 
COUNTY, N. Y. 

This river rises in Herkimer county and flows in a north- 
easterly direction into Black River bay, an arm of Lake Ontario. 
A portion of its course is shown on the Watertown atlas sheet 
of the United States Geological Survey. Observations of the 
height of water have been made at the dam of the city water- 
works of Watertown, located two miles above at Huntington- 
ville. The station was established on February 22, 1897, and the 
record has been furnished by Frank A. Hinds, M. Am. Soc. 0. E. 

The conditions at this point are peculiar, in that the stream 
flows in two channels, with an island between. A high timber 
dam on the right branch creates a settling basin for the water 
supply of the city of Watertown, The other dam, on the op- 
posite side of the island, is also of timber, and gauge readings are 
taken at a point about 500 feet above this dam. The crest of the 
dam is slightly irregular in profile, and for ease of computation 
has been divided into six parts, each of these being considered 
as horizontal. There is an elbow in the plan of the dam with its 
apex down stream, the juncture of the two wings being strength- 
ened by a timber buttress having a flat crest or platform. 

The discharge over the dam proper has been computed, using 
co-efficients derived from experiments on a dam having a similar 
cross section^ with a slope of 2 :1 on the upstream face, while the 
discharge over the flat platform has been computed from an ex- 
periment on a somewhat similar broad-crested weir. 

The entire flow of Black river at this point, aside from leakage 
and a slight diversion for municipal water supply of Watertown, 
passes over the Huntingtonville dam. Two or more readings of 
the crest-gauge are taken daily, and the mean of all readings 
from midnight to midnight has been used in estimating the mean 
daily flow. In computing the flow over the dam, an allowance 
of 200 second-feet has been made for leakage through seams and 
crevices in the limestone rock underlying the dam. This amount 
has been arrived at from an estimate of the size of the orifices 



17 

and the head on the same, when the wafer was drawn down in 
the summer of 1S97. 

There is no opportunity for directly checking the flow, during 
high water, immediately below the dam. A current meter 
measurement was made at Glen Park bridge on June 6, w r hich 
gave a total flow of 2,175 second-feet. The mean daily flow is 
given in the following table (No. 4). It does not represent the 
full water-yielding capacity of the tributary drainage area, inas- 
much as a portion of the flow from the headwaters is diverted to 
the Forestport feeder to supply Black River canal. Storage 
reservoirs, to compensate water power users, are maintained by 
the State of New York on Beaver and Moose rivers, the principal 
tributaries of Black river. Owing to flood water storage, di- 
version, and the effect of mills starting and stopping irregularly, 
the regimen of this stream is far from natural. 

Measurements of the amount of diversion of the Black river 
below Forestport reservoir have been made. 

The highest water observed while the record has been kept was 
on the morning of April 21, 1900, the reading of the crest gauge 
being 108.41, and the corresponding flow 30,150 second-feet, 
equivalent to a flow of 16 second-feet per square mile of tributary 
drainage. 

This stream is of great importance as a source of water power, 
having 22 dams in its lower stretch of 18 miles, furnishing 
roundly 60,000 horse-power to 80 mills along its banks, which 
employ an aggregate of 3,900 persons. 



18 



Table No. 4. — Mean Daily Flow of Black River at Huntingtonville Dam, Jefferson County, N. Y., 

Cubic Feet Per Second. 

[Drainage area, 1,889 square miles.] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1897. 
1..., 






1,220 


5,050 
5,170 
5,850 
6,176* 
8,020 
8,650 
9,590 
10,916 
11,540 
11,540 
10,500* 
8,750 
7,340 
6,856 
7,120 
7,924 
8,850 
9,240* 
9,690 
9,390 
9,690 
9,290 
8,260 
7,648 
9,144* 
11,176 
12,640 
14,142 
13,806 
10,552 


8,550 

7,692* 

6,514 

5,890 

6,602 

6,218 

5,970 

4,739 

3,705* 

2,900 

2,900 

2,455 

2,515 

3,029 

4,592 

5,170* 

4,665 

4,125 

3,328 

3,062 

2,485 

2,642 

3,095* 

2,424 

2,515 

3,950 

4,776 

4,374 

4,020 

3,775* 

3,600 


3,362 
2,865 
2,300 
2,835 
3,328 
3,095* 
2,579 
2,300 
2,000 
4,484 
6,176 
6,428 
5,970* 
4,411 
3,362 
2,770 
2,424 
2,030 
1,658 
1,460* 
2,090 
2,706 
2,270 
1,804 
1,388 
1,198 
978* 
1,198 
978 
934 


978 

956 

1,066 

890* 

782 

646 

1,066 

710 

678 

746 

536* 

582 

836 

614 

1,110 

1,198 

1,110 

1,000* 

934 

978 

1,000 

890 

728 

630 

480* 

1,009 

934 

890 

1,220 

1,940 

2,000 


1,710* 

1,606 

1,580 

1,292 

990 

782 

630 

362* 

536 

630 

2,930 

6,812 

7,252 

5,850 

3,420* 

2,362 

1,710 

2,000 

2,424 

1,804 

1,292 

ctl,022* 

978 

694 

522 

566 

582 

322 

1,254* 






598 
872 
1,738 
2,610 
2.362 
1,850 
1,850* 
2,120 
2,150 
2,800 
4,374 
4,411 
4,850 
4,020* 
3,670 
3,029 
4,125 
5,170 
5,210 
3,950 
2,930* 
3,362 
2,835 
2,150 
1,850 
3,396 
6,218 
9,144* 
9,890 
8,116 


6,812 

5,850 


2 






3 












2,835 


4 












2,455 


5 






2,060 
2,865 
3,230* 
3,396 
3,600 
4,230 
5,650 
5,970 
6,602 
6,260* 
5,650 
5,130 
4,300 
3,950 
3,880 
2,240 
8,600* 
8,550 
10,916 
16,500 
4,250 
12,080 
10,760 
7,924* 
6,176 
5,450 
5,450 






3,420* 


6 










4,665 












5,290 


8 










5,490 


9... 










5,770 


10 










5,850 

7,428 


11 










12 










7,692*- 












7,120 


14 








1,044 

1,220 

2,455 

854* 

1,176 

1,110 

956 

854 

800 

782 

480* 

956 

746 

782 

854 

710 

710 

678* 


6,680 


15 






7,252 








8,068 


17 






8,500 








8,308 


19 






6,092* 


20 






3,420 
3,195 


21 










1,460 
1,460 
2,610 
1,850 
3,420 


3,195 


23 




3,130 


24 




2,770 


25 




2,393 


26 




2,515* 






2,270 


28 






2,180 


29 






2,060 








2,000 


31 










1,804 














2,160 


6,317 


9,484 


4,267 


2,713 


879 


2,280 




954 


4,155 


4,725 








1898. 
1 


1,738 

2.270* 

1,940 

2,000 

2,120 

2,000 

1,850 

1,580 

1,850* 

1,804 

1,804 

1,766 

3,029 

4,300 

4,665 

4,448* 

4,265 

3,880 

3,530 

3,430 

4,300 

5,650 

5,650* 

6,176 

5,970 

5,530 

4,739 

3,950 

3,396 

2,900* 

2,930 


2,770 

2,930 

2,835 

2,610 

2,770 

2,455* 

2,610 

2,610 

2,455 

2,300 

3,195 

3,900 

8,164* 

7,340 

6,470 

5,450 

4,484 

3,950 

3,600 

3,362* 

3,775 

3,985 

3,915 

3,600 

3,230 

2,930 

2,770* 

3,095 


2,300 
2,610 
2,300 
2,300 
2,150 


7,340 
6,646 
5,050* 
3,950 
3.600 


4,411* 

3,362 

3,530 

3,705 

3,915 

4,776 

4,411 

3,420* 

2,770 

2,930 

2,455 

1,940 

3,600 

3,800 

3,328* 

2,642 

2,610 

2,362 

2,150 

2,548 

2,865 

2,706* 

2,424 

2,548 

2,770 

2,865 

3,775 

4,055 

3,362* 

3,230 

3,130 


2,770 

2,362 

2,030 

1,804 

1,738* 

1,556 

1,532 

1,340 

1,176 

:,244 

1,484 

1,292* 

1,340 

1,804 

2,150 

2,030 

1,804 

1,532 

1,154* 

1,850 

2,150 

2,000 

1,804 

1,658 

1,340 

1,220* 

1,066 

1,340 

1,316 

1,292 


1,436 

1,316 

872* 

800 

1,110 

1,088 

1,176 

1,022 

956 

728* 

836 

1,000 

1,000 

978 

1,000 

1,000 

956* 

1,000 

1,436 

1,154 

1,220 

1,220 

1,220 

934* 

1,292 

2,000 

1,710 

1,340 

1,364 

1,292 

1,508" 


1,110 
1,580 
1,132 
1,292 
1,460 
1,880 
1,710* 
1,580 
1,244 
1,110 
1,110 
1,176 
1,340 
1,268* 
630 
1,244 
1,000 
890 
956 
934 
956* 
818 
1,110 
2,150 
2,610 
3,095 
3,130 
2,706* 
2,000 
1,460 
1,658 


1,244 

1,220 

1,110 

330* 

1,840 

1,766 

1,684 

2,060 

1,940 

1,804 

1,460* 

1,484 

1,292 

956 

1,000 

890 

872 

508* 

800 

818 

1,132 

1,044 

890 

1,460 

2,738* 

2,865 

2,770 

2,393 

2,770 

1,850 


1,556 

1,022* 

1,088 

1,110 

1,412 

2,770 

3,420 

2,865 

1,910* 

1,940 

1,684 

1,364 

1,292 

1,606 

2,706 

3,500* 

4,411 

3,775 

2,996 

2,706 

2,674 

2,963 

4,374* 

5,490 

4,592 

4,055 

5,570 

6,680 

6,558 

5,250* 

3,950 


3,095 

2,706 

2,610 

2,393 

2,300 

2,210* 

3,095 

2,930 

2,930 

3,930 

8,404 

9,240 

9,144* 

8,750 

7,472 

6,176 

4,592 

3,880 

3,260 

2,963* 

3,294 

3,294 

3,029 

3,294 

2,800 

2,548 


2,548 


2 


2,455 


8 


2,455 


4 


2,240* 


5 


2,300 


6 


2,150* 3,600 
2,150 1 3,420 
2,210 1 3.362 


2,240 


7... 


1,940 


8 , 


1,804 


9 , 


2,674 
3,420 
6,386 
12,360 
18,200* 
23,300 
27,900 
23,700 
17,950 
14,800 
13,750 
12,304* 
12,804 
13,582 
13,032 
11,280 
9,890 
8,260 

6,900* 

6,176 
6,302 
7,340 
7,924 


3,095 
3,029* 
3,029 
2,800 
2,642 
2,706 
2,930 
2,900 
2,548* 
2,240 
2,548 
2,865 
3,775 
4,265 
5,250 
6,386* 
7,352 
8,950 
10,140 
9,690 
7,780 
5,850 


1,658 


10 


1,684 


11 


1,532* 


12 


1,804 


13 


1,804 


14 


1,850 


15 


1,850 


16 


1,880 


18...., 


2,000 
1,850* 


20 


1,940 
2,090 


21,.,.. 


2,090 


22 


2,548 


23 


4,230 


24 


5,610 


25 


5,450* 


26 


5.130 


27 


1,658* 4.300 


28 


2,030 
2,331 
2,610 


3,420 


29 

30 


3,095 
3,705 


31 


4,813 








3,402 


3,806 


9,609 


4,654 


3,174 


1,639 


1,128 


1,495 


1,483 


3,138 


3,932 


2,720 



► Sunday. 



a Water drawn down for repairs, beginning August 22. 



1!) 



Table No. 4.— .Venn Daily flon- of Black River at Huntingtonvitle hum, Jefferson County, X. V., 
Cubic Feet rer .Second— (Concluded). 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1899. 


4,230* 
3,985 
3,396 
3,600 
10,396 
9,740 
8,750 
8,750* 

7, 972 

6,812 

5,4*0 

4,484 

4,055 

3,950 

4,702* 

5,810 

5,890 

5,450 

5,250 

3,095 

3,740 

3,362* 

3,195 

2,930 

2,770 

2,900 

2,610 

2,393 

2,000* 

2,300 

2,120 


1,940 

2.(190 

2,030 

2,000 

2,000* 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

1,984 

1,850 

1,984* 

2,240 

2,240 

2,240 

2,150 

2,210 

1,984 

1,850* 

2,000 

2,090 

2.362 

2,963 

3,465 

3,420 

3,095* 

3,420 

3,530 


3,565 

3,260 

3,230 

3,323 

3,880* 

5,170 

5,970 

5,530 

5,090 

4,592 

4,125 

5,210* 

8,164 

8,020 

7,736 

6,900 

6,680 

5,850 

5,250* 

4,629 

4,665 

4,629 

4,665 

5,050 

4,930 

4,776* 

4,592 

4,230 

4,090 

4,592 

4,195 


4,125 
3,915* 

3,800 
3,565 
3,600 
3,985 
1,520 
6,900 
8,116* 
8,308 
8,950 
10,656 
11,072 
12,136 
13,694 
13,806* 
14,086 
14,086 
14,700 
17,400 
20,900 
24,400 
24,950* 
25,000 
24,850 
24,950 
24,300 
23,450 
22,250 
20,350* 


18,000 
16,150 
14,800 
13,694 
12,080 
9,490 
7,516* 
5,090 
4,125 
3,705 
3,362 
3,705 
3,880 
3,260* 
2,930 
3,029 
3,095 
3,705 
3,029 
3,775 
4,484* 
4,337 
3,775 
S,500 
2,900 
2,424 
2,485 
2,393* 
2,362 
3,362 
3,420 


3,095 

2,393 

2,240 

1,804* 

1,658 

1,710 

1,658 

1,532 

1,340 

1,532 

1.220* 

1,532 

1,340 

1,340 

1,132 

1,460 

1,460 

1,460* 

1,658 

1,340 

1,220 

1,220 

1,220 

1,340 

1,268* 

1,292 

1,532 

1,340 

1,176 

1,340 


1,460 

1,022* 

1,000 

956 

1,388 

1.436 

1,580 

1,460 

1,178* 

1,880 

1,340 

2,150 

1,738 

1,532 

1,412 

1,022* 

934 

1,000 

1,292 

956 

956 

1,000 

978* 

1,220 

1,340 

1,132 

1,044 

1,088 

836 

550* 

458 


956 

1,000 

1,110 

1,000 

854 

678* 

800 

890 

1,000 

854 

728 

678 

710* 

728 

1,044 

1,110 

1,066 

1,606 

1,000 

710* 

522 

1,000 

890 

854 

1,244 

1,110 

854* 

872 

890 

1,000 

956 


978 
1,244 

630* 
1,110 

480 
1,000 

890 
1,022 
1,066 
1,022* 
1,220 

678 
1,340 

630 

694 
1,176 

764* 
1,220 
1,176 

710 

800 
1,066 

710 

630* 
1,198 
1,110 
1,198 
1,198 
1,198 
1,532 


956* 

956 

1,460 

1,340 

1,176 

1,022 

1,022 

678* 

1,044 

854 

956 

800 

818 

818 

818* 

694 

1,000 

978 

1,044 

1,088 

854 

522* 

1,000 

956 

1,066 

1,110 

1,110 

1,110 

1,066* 

1,292 

1,940 


2,240 

3,420 

4,055 

3,230 

2,900* 

2,706 

2,393 

1,850 

1,832 

1,460 

1,412 

1,066* 

1,436 

1,132 

1,220 

1,364 

1,460 

1,460 

1,066* 

1,110 

1,244 

1,176 

1,066 

1,198 

1,110 

782* 
1,088 
1,132 
1,066 

912 


1,176 




1,198 


8 


1 412* 


4 


2,090 




2,060 
1,658 


6 


8 


1,460 
1,220 


9 


1,198 


10 


1,110* 


11 


1,658 


13 


4,850 
8,404 
8,404 
7,928 
5,650 




15 

16 


17 


2,706* 


19 


3,294 
4,702 


20 : 


5,450 
6,470 
6,680 
5,050 
4,337* 


21 


23 


24 


25 


4,300 


26 


2,930 
2,548 
2,300 
2,240 
2,240 


*>; 


28 


29 

30 


31 


1 804* 








4,712 


2,346 


5,051 


13,894 


5,609 


1,528 


1,205 


897 


990 


1,018 


1,652 


3,501 


1900. 
1 


1,766 

1,710 

1,710 

1,710 

1,710 

1,710 

1,710* 

2,300 

2,362 

2,382 

2,240 

2,150 

2,270 

1,710* 

1,940 

1,850 


2,300 
2,300 
2,240 
2,060* 
2,060 
2,150 
2,200 
2,150 
4,850 
5,850 
5,770* 
5,250 
6,344 
11,458 
12,304 
14.030 


2,865 

2,610 

2,579 

2,770* 

2,770 

2,930 

2,865 

2,674 

2,930 

2,930 

2,674* 

2,930 

2,674 

2,610 

2,610 

2,610 

2,610 

2,548* 

2,610 

2,610 

2,610 

3,420 

4,020 

3,915 

3,600* 

3,600 

3,260 

3,260 

3,260 

3,260 

3,465 


3,800* 
4,265 
5,370 
6,050 
7,384 
7,560 
9,740 
12,192* 
10,760 
10,760 
10,240 
10,344 
9,490 
7,340 
6,386* 
7,208 
9,096 
10,604 
20,100 
27,050 
30,000 
29,500' 
27,700 
25,200 
23,300 
21,750 
2o,000 
17,050 
14,800* 
12,752 


11,280 
11,020 
10,812 
9,740 
9,000 
7,780* 
6,900 
6,050 
5,650 
6,602 
7,560 
6,050 
5,770* 
5,650 
5,250 
5,250 
5,650 
5,530 
5,250 
5,170* 
4,930 
4,374 
4,265 
3,705 
3,161 
3,420 
2,706* 
2,485 
2,150 
2,000 
1,904 


2,000 
1,710 
2,000 
2,060* 
2,200 
2,000 
2,150 
2,424 
2,579 
2,485 
2,610* 
2,000 
2,030 
1,766 
1,580 
1,580 
1,268 
1,154* 
1,460 
1,364 
1,044 
1,044 
1,110 
1,110 
1,176* 
1,340 
978 
836 
764 
1,044 


*978 
978 
1,000 
854 
1,000 
1,110 
1,110 
764* 
1,268 
1,244 
1,340 
1,268 
1,532 
1,580 
1,198* 
1,460 
1,220 
1,268 
1,340 
1,766 
1.580 
1,460* 
1,556 
1,766 
1,340 
1,220 
2,150 
1,850 
1,316* 
1,268 
1,176 


1,340 

1,110 

1,220 

1,000 

854* 

694 

1,000 

1,154 

690 

820 

780 

1,610* 

1,010 

1,490 

1,730 

1,680 

1,535 

1,240 

2,120* 

1,010 

1,240 

1,200 

810 

480 

810 

500* 

780 

780 

1,780 

1,440 

1,240 


1,240 
1,200* 
1,010 

760 

740 

780 

780 

740 

390* 

740 

1,120 

1,100 

1,120 

980 

980 

1,055* 

1,240 

1,780 

1,490 

1,295 

1,200 

915 

800* 


780 

1,440 

1,200 

960 

1,120 

1,200 

780* 

1,010 

960 

1,240 

980 

870 

780 

580* 

820 

780 

1,010 

1,050 

1,050 

1,050 

740* 

960 

1,240 

1,440 

1,980 

2,340 

2,120 

1,605* 

1,860 

1,885 

1,935 






2 






3 
















::::::: 


fi 












8 












10 












12 












14 












16 








1,580 13,470 
1,710 11.280* 






18 






19 


1,940 
2,930 
5,930* 
6,260 
5,850 
5,770 
4,850 
4,125 
3,670 
3,420* 
3,195 
2,865 
2,548 


9,590 

7,924 

5,770 

5,130 

5,130 

4,850 

4,230* 

3,775 

3,095 

2,996 






20 












')■> 






23 






24 






25 






26. 




27 












29 






30 






31 












2,834 


5,734 


2,970 


13,926 


5,711 


1,630 


1,321 | 1,134 


1,020 


1,218 







* Sunday. b Sluice gates open. 
(See Water Supply and Irrigation Paper, U. S. G. S., No. 36, page 191.) 



20 




12,000 



Fig. No. 1.— Discharge of Black River at Huntingtonville Dam, Jefferson County, N. Y., 1897. 



Sec. ft. 
32,000 



JAN. 
10 20 



FEB. 
10 20 



MAR. 
10 20 



APR. 
10 20 



MAY 
10 20 



JUNE 
10 20 



JULY 
10 20 



AUG. SEPT. 
10 20 10 20 



OCT. 
10 20 



NOV. 
10 20 



DEC. 
10 20 



28,000 



24,000 



20,000 



16,000 



IU98 



12,000 



4,000 



1 



wmmwr * 1W 



Fig. Ino. 2.— Discharge of Black River at Huntingtonville Dam, Jefferson County, N. Y., 1898. 



21 



Sec it 

3'.', Hi'"' 









16,00(1 



JAN 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC 
10 20 








































































































































































1 






















































































1 


39 


9 






































































































1 




















1 


















































L 




































































' W "» 




fcl 






A 
























1\ 








1 



Fig. No. 3.— Discharge of Black River at Huntingtonville Dam, Jefferson County, N. Y., 1899. 



Sec. ft. 
82,000 



28,000 



34,000 



18,000 



4,000 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR 
10 20 


MAY 
1© 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 






















1 
































































































































































































































1 


9C 





































































































































- 


















■o 
































































o 
u 

01 

<£. 

o 
z 


























































































1 



Fig. No. 4.— Discharge of Black River at Huntingtonville Dam, Jefferson County, N. Y., 1900. 



22 



Mean Monthly Run-Off of Black River at Huntingtonville Dam, Jefferson County, N. T. 
[Drainage area, 1,889 square miles.] 

MEAN MONTHLY FLOW IN SECOND-FEET. 



Jannary . . 
February . 

March 

April 

May , 

June 

July 

August 

September , 
October 
November. . 
December . . 



Tear. 



160 
,317 

484 
267 

718 
879 

2s0 



954 
,155 
,725 



189S. 



3,402 
3,806 
9,609 
4,6:i4 
3,174 
1,639 
1,128 
1,495 
1,483 
3,138 
3,932 
2,720 



4,712 
2,326 
5,051 
13,894 
5,609 
1,528 
1,205 
897 
990 
1,018 
-1,652 
3,501 



1900. 



2,83* 
5,734V 
2,970= 
13,926- 
5,711 
1,630» 
1,321 
1,134 
1,020 
1,21* 



SECOND-FEET PER SQUARE MILE. 



MONTH. 


1897. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 






1.18 
2.01 
5.08 
2.46 
1.68 
0.87 
0.60 
0.79 
0.78 
1.66 
2.08 
, 1.44 


2.49 

1.23 
2.67 
7.35 
2.97 
0.81 
0.64 
0.47 
0.52 
0.54 
0.87 
1.85 






1.14 
3.34 
5.02 
2.26 
1.44 
0.47 
1.21 


3 04 




1 5? 




7.3T 




3 02* 




0.86- 


July 


0.70i' 




60 ■■ 




0.54 




0.505 
2.20- 
2.50 


0.64 
























. 









INCHES ON DRAINAGE AREA. 



MONTH. 


1897. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 






1.S6 
2.09 
5.77 
2.74 
1.86 
0.97 
0.69 
0.91 
0.87 
1.91 
2.32 
1.66 


2.77 
1.28 
3.08 
8.20 
3.42 
0.90 
0.73 
0.54 
0.58 
0.60 
0.97 
1.53 


1 73'. 




1.18 
3.85 
5.60 
2.60 
1.60 
0.54 
1.39 


3.16- 




1.81 




8 22" 




3.48 




9ff 


July 


0.80 




0.6!* 




0.6O-- 




0.58 
2.45 
2.88 


0.71 



































23 



BEAVER RIVER. 

Beaver river rises in western Hamilton county, crosses Herki- 
mer county, and emerges from the Adirondacks at Number Four, 
on the Lewis county liue. The How from the tributary watershed 
above Beaver, comprising an area of 153 square miles, or 47.5 per 
cent, of the entire drainage area, is regulated by storage in the 
Beaver Flow or " Stillwater." an artificial lake formed by a timber 
dam 16 feet high. 

In addition to the reservoir formed by the State dam at Beaver, 
there are within this region over fifty natural lakes, including 
Red Horse Chain, so that a comparatively uniform flow is main- 
tained throughout the summer season. 

An examination of Beaver river, in relation to facilities for 
gauging, was made early in July. The almost continuous rapids 
in the upper reaches of the stream limit the desirable sites for 
gauging stations to the stream channel below Beaver Falls, 4 miles 
from its confluence with Black river at Castorland. Arrange- 
ments were made for the establishment of a cable station, but 
owing to the presence of log rafts in the stream during the greater 
portion of the summer, the record has not yet been started. 

From the State dam at Beaver to Number Four, a distance of 
10 miles, the stream consists of numerous boulder rapids, alter- 
nating with short stretches of smooth water. Above Beaver lake 
occurs a high fall, forming a descent of 60 feet within 400 or 500 
feet. From the foot of Beaver lake to Belfort, a distance of 12 
miles, the stream channel continues rocky and precipitous, 
although the adjacent watershed is sandy, and for the most part 
covered with timber. Eagle Falls, 2 miles below Beaver lake, 
consists of a series of cascades, aggregating a descent of 75 feet. 
There are a number of other undeveloped water powers in this 
vicinity. 

Water power is developed at Beaver Falls, Croghan and Belfort, 
aggregating 4,400 horse-power at five dams, and utilizing a fall of 
133 feet. There is also an abandoned power at Tisse's Falls, 
below Belfort, where a total head of 60 feet could be obtained. 



24 

Power is developed at Belfort under a bead of 50 feet, for the 
generation of electricity, which is transmitted to adjacent towns, 
a distance of 16 miles. 

Kainfall and other meteorological records have been kept since 
January, 1889, at Number Four, in the heart of the timber covered 
-portion of the watershed. 

CAYADUTTA CREEK NEAR JOHNSTOWN, FULTON 
COUNTY, N. Y. 

Cayadutta creek rises in Fulton county and flows into Mohawk 
river near Fonda. The dam of the Johnstown Electric Light and 
Power Co., one mile below Johnstown, where the record is kept, 
is of framed timber, 33 feet in height, on a rock foundation. The 
impounded water is carried from above the dam to the wheelhouse 
through a 5-foot circular wooden flume. 

The profile of the crest is somewhat irregular, and to facilitate 
computation, it has been divided into four parte, the crest line of 
each part being assumed horizontal. 

Since the establishment of the station, standard sharp-crested 
gauging-weirs have been erected. One of these weirs has been 
placed across the main stream above the head of slack water from 
the dam. A second weir has been placed in the tail-race below the 
power house. 

During the summer the water does nor ordinarily flow over the 
dam, which is practically tight, and the entire flow passes through 
the turbines. A series of gaugings at the tail-race weir has been 
made in order to determine the discharging capacity of the water 
wheels when running under different conditions. 

Dams are located along the streams at frequent intervals, and 
the amount of flow from one to another during the dry season is 
largely controlled by the run of the water wheels. 




Fig. No. 5- — Timber dam, Cayadutta Creek, at gauging station near Johnstown, Fulton 

County, N. Y. 




Fig. No. 6.— Gauging weir across Cayadutta Creek, below Johnstown, Fulton County, 

N. Y, 



25 

tai i k No. 5.— .Want Daily Flow ofCayadutta Creek near Johnstown, Fulton County, y. y., Cubio 

Feet Per Second. 

[Drainage area, 40 square miles ] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


April. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1898. 




















24 
10* 
22 
25 
119 
246 
67 
55 
14* 
37 
23 
27 
33 
38 
290 
117* 
68 
47 
46 
89 
47 
55 
105* 
56 
48 
36 
58 
55 
138 
13* 
41 


41 
36 
88 
32 
39 
12* 
32 
35 
179 
731 
429 
110 
61* 
68 
55 
49 
57 
57 
97 
67* 
67 
50 
54 
63 
55 
42 
*24 
46 
59 
42 


39 






















48 






















46 






















51* 






















23 






















51 






















50 


8 




















39 






















38 






















38 






















25* 






















46 






















37 






















36 






















33 


16 




















32 






















34 


18 




















27* 


19 




















S3 


20 




















35 


21 




















45 


Zi. 




















58 


23 




















fl8 


24 




















67 


25 




















60* 


26 




















75 


27 




















42 


28 




















31 


29 




















34 


30 




















50 


31 




















44 












































64 


91 


44 
























1899. 

1 

2 


20' 
39 
31 
42 
71 
69 
40 
64* 
42 
29 
24 
27 
26 
43 
125* 
51 
43 
35 
31 
33 
28 
16* 
35 
40 
27 
32 
32 
24 
13* 
33 
33 


27 

25 

29 

26 

19* 

29 

23 

19 

18 

18 

20 

14* 

19 

21 

24 

25 

26 

27 

15* 

32 

33 

55 

91 

39 

40 

43* 

53 

4S 


66 

48 

36 

40 
111* 
282 
122 

71 

72 

67 

53 
123* 
155 
105 

84 

46 

38 

35 

66* 

67 

66 

50 

74 

59 

52 

54* 

48 

54 

4S 

46 

43 


72 

70* 

83 
132 
252 
263 
313 
503 
320* 
413 
579 
415 
311 
751 
802 
213* 
190 
196 
225 
168 
135 
142 
123* 

41 

65 

66 

44 

51 

60 

31* 


57 

66 

36 

32 

28 

27 

12* 

29 

26 

25 

27 

47 

29 

31* 

25 

28 

34 

33 

43 

47 

34* 

34 

26 

31 

26 

25 

30 

15* 

32 

13 

28 


30 

28 

29 

17* 

29 

28 

18 

30 

21 

19 

18* 

30 

25 

24 

25 

25 

25 

17* 

25 

37 

32 

33 

32 

32 

18* 

29 

26 

30 

30 

it 


21 
15* 
24 
17 
20 
20 
19 
34 
16* 
27 
25 
18 
18 
16 
18 
13* 
23 
25 
26 
20 
19 
23 
8* 
18 
22 
19 
16 
17 
17 
14* 
25 


20 
22 
32 
22 
21 
11* 
19 
20 
20 
20 
17 
23 
8* 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
19 
9* 
15 
16 
14 
16 
16 
14 
11* 
15 
16 
16 
16 


16 
20 
12* 
19 
28 
16 
23 
22 
17 
7* 

16 
19 
20 

19 

20 

11* 

19 

20 

21 

20 

17 

19 

14* 

20 

32 

36 

26 

27 

26 


12* 
24 
24 
25 
17 
15 
19 
9* 
18 
20 
24 
23 
13 
20 
17* 
24 
26 
33 
21 

* 

21 
18 
18 

19 
16* 
80 
30 


33 

31 

28 

48 

34* 

26 

28 

26 

22 

27 

26 

20* 

28 

28 

30 

20 

21 

20 

6* 

27 

27 

26 

25 

24 

26 

14* 

30 

28 

28 

15 


19 


4 


14* 
37 


6 


27 
23 




23 


8 


23 


9 


23 


10 


13* 


11 


27 


12 


238 


13 


207 


15 


145 
55 


16 


40 


17 ■ 


44* 


18 


36 


19 i 

20 


51 

85 


21 


62 


22 


43 


23 


26 


24 


19* 


25 


56 


26 


60 


27 


25 


28 


24 


29 


20 


3D 


19 


31 


11* 




39 


31 


74 


251 


31 


26 




20 


18 


20 


21 


26 


49 



'Sundays. 



20 



Table No. 5.— Mean Daily Flow of Cayadutta Creek, etc.— (Concluded). 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


April. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1900. 
1 


27 

27 

25 

20 

18 

20 

24* 

60 

39 

43 

37 

34 

30 

14* 

35 

37 

29 

40 

92 
705 
306* 
101 

83 

55 

71 

50 

43 

23* 

44 

36 

31 


39 
39 
22 

20* 
251 
43 
42 
148 
235 
76 
82* 
116 
1,404 
89 
77 
59 
46 
23* 
42 
41 
39 
44 
107 
87 
41* 
60 
42 
39 


41 

42 

44 

23* 

55 

41 

50 

45 

45 

49 

39* 

66 

48 

40 

41 

39 

41 

19* 

42 

45 

52 

52 
111 

82 

52* 

46 

50 

49 
106 
165 
296 


250* 

292 

339 

212 

199 

280 

293 

155* 

102 

78 

77 

91 
106 

78 

91* 
133 
200 
314 
164 
102 

76 
116* 

92 

80 

71 

64 

48 

46 

22* 

25 


38 

25 

25 

25 

23 

24* 

30 

25 

81 

63 

30 

24 

19* 

23 

26 

23 

24 

29 

2* 

22* 

25 

24 

19 

22 

23 

26 

19* 

22 

19 

20 

22 


36 
22 

8* 
30 
26 
25 
23 
24 
33 
13* 
29 
29 
16 
24 
29 
22 

9* 
24 
24 
24 
22 
21 
17 
10* 
17 
19 
14 
17 
19 
18 


6* 
14 
20 

6 
15 
15 
15 

7* 
31 
19 
18 
20 
23 
18 
12* 
19 
20 
18 
17 
14 
19 

7* 
15 
18 
17 
26 
25 
26 
13* 
13 
13 


12 
22 
20 

18 

20 
20 
20 
22 
18 
14 

4* 
27 
28 
29 
34 
35 
33 
10* 
18 
21 
20 
21 
22 
22 

7* 
20 
19 
20 
20 
18 


11 

7* 
21 
17 
17 
17 
17 
21 

8* 
21 
20 

6 

7 
18 
16 
. 9* 
19 
-21 
19 
21 
21 
21 
14* 
32 
32 
21 
21 
23 
23 
10* 








2 
















4 
















































10 









































15 






16 
























19 
























22 








23 








24 








25 








26.. 








27 




28: 








29 








30 








31 




















71 


119 


62 


140 


27 


21 


17 


20 


18 








■ r ".•■••••■ 





* Sundays. 
(See Water Supply and Irrigation Paper, TJ. S. G. S., No. 35, page 53.) 



Sec. ft. 
800 



f.00 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. < 
10 20 1 


3CT. 
20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 












































































































































































































































1 


89 


3 
































































































































































































































1,1 














' 




















































l 


u 


J 


i 


Ik 


tt 


i 



Fig. No. 7.— Discharge of Cayadutta Creek at Johnstown, Fulton County. N. Y., 1898. 



27 




MAY 
10 20 



JUNE 
10 20 



JULY 
10 20 



AUG. 
10 20 



SEPT. 
10 20 



OCT. 
10 20 



NOV. 
10 20 



DEC 
10 20 



1899 



I* 



fa* 



M 



Fio. No. 8.— Discharge of Cayadutta Creek at Johnstown, Fulton County, N. Y., 1899. 



Sec. ft. 
800 

700 

600 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100 



jan. r- 

10 20 1 


EB. 
D20 


MAR. A 
10 20 l( 


PR. 
) 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC 
10 20 








o 






















































































































































































































1 


90 















































1 














































i 


















































































1 




















































wwm m 
















g_ 


































1 






Fig. 1 


Io.9. 


-E 


[B( 


harge 


of Ce 


ya 


du 


tta 


Or 


e>4 


: ;t 


t J 


>hl 


st.< 


IVI 


') I 


'ul 


On 


C( 


IU1 


ty 


N 


Y 


, 1< 


no 











Mean Monthly Run-Off of Cayadutta Creek near Johnstown, Fulton County, N. T. 
[Drainage area, 40 square miles.] 



MONTH. 


SECOND-FEET. 


SECOND-FEET 
PER SQUARE MILE. 


INCHES ON 
DRAINAGE AREA. 




1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1398. 


1899. 


1900. 


1S98. 


1899. 


1900. 






39 
31 
74 

31 
26 
20 
18 
20 
21 
26 
49 


71 
119 
62 
140 
27 
21 
17 
20 
18 


1.60 
2.27 
1.10 


0.97 
0.77 
1.85 
6.27 
0.77 
0.65 
0.50 
0.45 
0.50 
0.52 
0.65 
1.22 


1.77 
2.97 
1.55 
3.50 
0.67 
0.52 
0.42 
0.50 
0.45 


1.84 
2.53 
1.27 


1.12 
0.80 
2.13 
7.00 
0.89 
0.72 
0.57 
0.52 
0.56 
0.60 
0.72 
1.40 


2 04 








March 




1 78 












77 












0.48 






57 






50 




64 
91 

44 

























































CHITTENANGO CREEK AT BRIDGEPORT, MADISON 
COUNTY, N. Y. 

This creek rises in Madison county and flows in a northerly 
direction between Madison and Onondaga counties into Oneida 
lake, the outlet of which is Oneida river, a tributary of Oswego 
river. The drainage basin of the stream is shown on Chittenango 
sheet of the United States Geological Survey. Observations for 
the computation of flow of this creek are made at the mill dam in 
Bridgeport, a short distance above its- mouth. Observations are 
taken three times a day, showing the height above the crest of the 
•dam, head on water wheels and widths of gate openings. 

The dam is of timber, backed with stone, and having a nearly 
level crest 170 feet in length, with flood gates at each end. 

A current meter measurement was made at a highway bridge 
below the inflow of Butternut creek, near Bridgeport, on June 16. 
The total flow of Chittenango creek at that point was found to be 
05 second-feet. The stage of the stream, as shown by the record 
kept at Bridgeport, was uniform for several days. The mean flow, 
as computed from the gauge readings, was 95 second-feet for 
June 15 and 16. There is no opportunity for separately measuring 
the discharge through the turbines, or leakage of the dam at this 
station, and an allowance of 15 second- feet for leakage of the dam, 
-and of the dike leading to the old saw mill, has been made. 



29 



The saw mill, situated on Hie left side of the stream, rims very 
irregularly. The water wheels are old, and the penstocks leak 
badly. A current meter measurement was made in the head- 
rare leading to the saw mill on June 1G. The water wheels wen 
running, and the flow was found to be 14.4 second-feet. 

The relatively low run-off from the watershed of Chittenaugc* 
creek, as shown in the accompanying tables, may be attributed to 
diversion of a portion of the flow to supply the summit level of 
Erie canal. 

State dams are situated on the main stream at Chittenango, and 
on its two tributaries, Limestone creek and Butternut creek. 
Cazenovia lake, Erieville, De Ruyter and Jamesville reservoir© 
impound storage by which the flow is regulated to some extent. 
Water is also diverted from Tioughniouga creek, entering the 
Orville feeder by way of Limestone creek. 



Mean Monthly Rxm-Off of Chittenango Creek at Bridgeport, Madison County, iV. Y. 
[Drainage area, 307 square miles.] 



MONTH. 


SECOND-FEET. 


SECOND-FEET 
PEE SQUARE MILE. 


INCHES ON 
DRAINAGE AREA. 




1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 






662 
551 
893 
921 
245 
161 
123 
96 
76 
64 
95 
281 


561 
725 
697 
911 
207 
93 
110 
73 
68 
81 


0.42 
1.12 
2.00 
1.94 


2.15 

1.80 
2.90 
3.00 
0.80 
0.52 
0.40 
0.31 
0.25 
0.20 
0.30 
0.91 


1.80 
2.36 
2.27 
2.97 
0.67 
0.30 
0.36 
0.24 
0.22 
0.26 


0.47 

1.29 
2.23 
2.23 


2.49 
1.87 
3.34 
3.34 
0.92 
0.58 
0.46 
0.35 
0.28 
0.2? 
0.34 
1.05 


2 07 












2 61 






8.31 






0.77 






0.33 


July 




0.40 






0.27 




129 
344 
612 
597 


0.24 




0.3O 






























15.25 

























(See Water Supply and Irrigation Paper, U. S. G. S., No. 36, page 184.) 



30 



Table No. 6.- 



-Mean Daily Flow, Chittenango Creek at Bridgeport, Madison County, N. Y., Cubio 
Feet Per Second. 



[Drainage area, 307 square miles.] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1898. 
1 




















180 

205* 

171 

172 

156 

309 

235 

204 

130* 

165 

194 

196 

197 

181 

354 

335* 

299 

284 

297 

320 

269 

463 

465* 

487 

472 

352 

867 

972 

661 

565* 

519 


562 

• 559 
434 
358 
379 
385* 
331 
359 
386 
474 
1,339 
1.571 
1,265* 
921 
790 
694 
615 
500 
506 
675* 
728 
62d 
593 
569 
490 
442 
465* 
523 
413 
421 


427 


2 




















360 






















348 






















385* 






















471 






















414 


? 




















404 


8 






v 














320 






















261 






















265 


11 




















465* 


32 




















434 


13 




















454 






















442 






















450 


16 


















82 
116 

53* 
119 
139 
117 
111 
115 
135 

85* 
142 
149 
214 
154 
198 


472 


17. 


















619 


18 


















605* 




















678 




















669 


21 


















793 




















1,155 




















1,293 




















1,401 




















1,07»* 




















857 




















726 




















541 


39 


















480 


SO 


















630 
















* 




630 










































129 


344 


612 


597 






















1899. 
1 


515* 

571 

636 

737 

1,067 

1,310 

1,282 

1,135* 

724 

486 

473 

623 

849 

738* 

1,260 

1,280 

1,101 

632 

390 

395 

389 

385* 

399 

372 

311 

362 

308 

332 

385* 

448 

637 


520 
484 
440 
465 
385* 
356 
342 
465 
385 
385 
385 
385* 
538 
524 
462 
362 
449 
354 
385* 
541 
444 
619 
950 
1,074 
1,314 
1,015* 
645 
755 


632 

473 

385 

520 

1,260* 

1,331 

1,475 

1,069 

860 

852 

659 

565* 

1,196 

1,061 

970 

665 

634 

526 

565* 

736 

766 

962 

1,061 

1,345 

1,061 

885* 

626 

760 

1,075 

1,360 

1,360 


837 

795* 

752 

861 

866 

864 

857 

1,420 

1,675* 

1,369 

1,306 

1,274 

1,597 

1,737 

1,614 

1,405* 

1,339 

1,221 

859 

861 

629 

447 

165* 

627 

527 

456 

331 

279 

359 

295* 


447 
357 
310 
172 
172 
157 
95* 
172 
17!! 
227 
237 
172 
172 
165* 
ISO 
174 
250 
310 
374 
374 
385* 
281 
265 
252 
197 
195 
227 
225* 
312 
333 
229 


426 
346 
234 
105* 
184 
229 
229 
244 
192 
147 

70* 
169 
192 
182 
109 
184 
192 

70* 
152 

81 

92 
100 
124 
134 

70* 
141 
109 
109 

84 

91 


116 
55* 
97 
113 
132 
99 
123 
132 
. 45* 
89 
262 
271 
162 
169 
99 
70* 
101 
221 
210 
204 
152 
117 
70* 
102 
102 
122 
110 
88 
109 
45* 
141 


84 
79 
169 
126 
134 
70* 
125 
125 
134 
79 
62 
44 
15* 
141 
125 
103 
87 
76 
91 
25* 
120 
109 
96 
(a) 

(*) 

56 
96 
112 


81 

49 

45* 
133 

81 

76 

74 

96 

96 

15* 

71 

96 

92 

56 

88 

79 

25* 

89 

74 

96 
117 

39 

84 

25* 

67 

49 
112 
119 

96 

79 


75* 
90 
91 
90 
80 
141 
89 
45* 
.107 
117 
101 
101 
85 
72 
15* 
84 
30 
38 
38 
.45 
47 
15* 
60 
68 
43 
57 
48 
25 
20* 
65 
65 


60 
145 
145 
160 
165* 
228 
128 
120 
108 

65 

46 

35* 

72 

57 

65 

60 

88 

57 

25* 

83 

70 

78 
100 
102 
110 

25* 
109 
133 
114 
105 


113 


2 


127 


3 , 


143* 


4 


159 


6 


149 
151 


7 


166 


8 


179 


9 


155 


10. 


168* 


11 


181 


12., 


211 


13 


326 


14 


395 


15 

17 


395 
374 

355* 


18 


466 


19. 


706 


20 


5S8 


21 


298 


22 


304 


23 

24 


254 
200* 


25 


139 


26 

27 


238 
261 


28 


201 


29 


249 


30 


244 


-31 


240* 








662 


551 


893 


921 


245 


161 


123 


96 


76 


64 


95 


281 



* Sundays. 



31 



Table No. 6.— lA.'iHi /mi'/;/ Flow, Chittenango Creek ni Bridgeport, Kadtson County, X. v., Cubic 

Feet Per Second— (Conclu<lc<l 

[Draluage area, 307 square miles.] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apt 11. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1900. 


161 
247 
242 
363 

318 
379 
275< 

374 

292 

807 

307 

302 

373 

275* 

373 

422 

504 

599 

971 

1,540 

1,485* 

1,445 

1,195 

1,074 

422 

429 

764 

790* 

522 

372 

372 


467 

5S1 

5S1 

595* 

580 

507 

502 

1,437 

959 

1,313 

1,115* 

771 

1,187 

1,700 

1,445 

1,188 

985 

275* 

187 

189 

242 

987 

992 

1,005 

790* 

706 

591 

591 


774 
671 
605 
595* 
7 '.12 
776 
892 
591 
583 
511 
425* 
463 
441 
3S3 
367 
383 
375 
355* 
6U3 
589 
603 
788 
782 
1,003 
1,115* 
7S8 
707 
983 
1,090 
1,221 
1,351 


1,230* 

1,394 

1,447 

1,447 

1,342 

1,327 

1.S18 

1,365* 

1,433 

1,255 

1,072 

853 

667 

675 

595* 

544 

067 

620 

1,703 

801 

880 

785* 

860 

770 

577 

436 

355 

268 

275* 

370 


266 
268 

245 

245 

237 

215* 

295 

287 

295 

245 

237 

218 

165* 

247 

259 

283 

268 

280 

237 

215* 

222 

166 

171 

136 

118 

98 

40* 
150 

92 
117 

90 


106 
80 
70* 
134 
125 
132 
117 
88 
105 
7(1* 
116 
1H8 
67 
96 
95 
95 
• 70* 
117 
78 
107 
92 
69 
78 
43* 
116 
81 
73 
78 
133 
71 


38* 

91 

99 

33 

82 
153 
132 
130* 
156 

8S 

63 

66 

80 

42* 

76 
160 
136 
101 
136 
134 
105* 
129 
100 
101 
252 
172 
117 
105* 
124 
133 


107 

108 
68 
80 
88* 

103 
40 
40 
49 
73 
65 
37* 
38 

120 
89 
92 
83 
96 
53* 
63 
83 
66 

124 
44 
92 
3S* 
75 
95 
86 
70 
66 


91 

53* 

75 

79 

65 

67 

55 

33 

33* 

87 

60 

72 

37 

65 

15* 

70 

62 

53 
111 

70 
117 

53* 

79 

62 

84 

99 
117 
108 

33* 


67 

108 
67 
75 
75 
91 
38* 

100 

102 

114 

115 

136 
72 
42* 
98 
94 
89 
63 
77 
57 
42* 
86 
58 

100 
96 
94 
75 
33* 
75 
90 
85 






2 
















































10 


















13 






















17 






18 








20 
















23 












25 


















29 






29 






30 






13 












Mean 


561 


725 


697 


911 


207 


93 


110 


73 


68 


81 













'Sundays. 



Sec. ft. 
.1,600 



1,400 



1,200 



3,000 



JAN. 
10 20 



FEB. 
10 20 



MAR. 
10 20 



APR. 
10 20 



MAY 
10 20 



JUNE 
10 20 



JULY 
10 20 



AUG. 

10 20 




1898 



Flo. No. 10.— Discharge of Chittenango Creek at Bridgeport, Madison County, N. Y., 1898. 



32 



Sec. ft. 
1,600 


JAN. 
10 20 


FEB 
10 2C 


MAR. APR 
10 20 10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 
















I* 


















































1,400 

1,200 

1,000 

800 


























































































































































































































1 


B9 


9 




























1 


































































600 
400 
















































































































































































































Fig. No. 11.,— Discharge of Chitcenango Creek at Bridgeport, Madison County, N. Y., 1899. 



Sec. ft. 
1,600 



1,400 



1,200 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR 
10 2C 


APF 
) 10 2C 


f. MAY 
) 10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 








a 






1 






























































■J 










































































































































1 


90 






































































































































































































































































Fig. No. 12.— Discharge of Chittenango Creek at Bridgeport, Madison County, N. Y., 1900. 



33 



EAST CANADA CREEK AT DOLGEVILLE, HERKIMER 

COUNTY, X. Y. 

This crock rises in Hamilton county and Hows in a southerly 
direction between Herkimer and Fulton counties into Mohawl 
river. A portion of the si ream and drainage area is included on 
the Little Falls topographic atlas sheet of the United States 
Geological Survey. Observations ;u<' taken a1 High Falls near 
Dolgeville, about 7 mile.* from the out Id of the stream. The 
gauging station is located at the masonry dam of the Dolgeville 
Electric Light and Power Company. 

The dam is 19 feet high and has a nearly flat crest, G feet in 
width and 190.25 feet long between abutments. The impounded 
water is conducted to the power house, a distance of about 500 
feet, through a wrought-iron flume 10 feet in diameter. 

A new rating table for the dam has been prepared, using co- 
efficients of discharge derived from Freeman's experiments on a 
model of the round-crested portion of the Croton dam, which ap- 
parently corresponds closely with the ogee section of the Dolge- 
ville dam, as regards friction on the crest, vertical contraction of 
the nappe, and siphonage.* 

In computing the records as here given, the new ratings table 
has been used, beginning June 1, 1899. The flow through the 
turbines for this period has also been computed from current 
meter measurements made in the tailrace of the electric power 
plant, instead of from the observed head, and gate openings of 
the water wheels, as formerly. The effect of these changes has 
been to slightly increase the extremes of flow both as regards high 
and low water, the estimated flow for mean stages remaining sub- 
stantially the same. 

Current meter measurements were made from the bridge across 
the tailrace below the power plant, as follows: 



1D0O. 
May 22 
July 27 
July 29 
August 9 



Flow 

In tailrace 

(second-feet). 



Gate 

opening of 

36-inch wheel. 



0.50 
0.38 
0.28 
0.38 



Wheel 
number. 



34 

One only of the two 36-inch Victor turbines was running in each 
instance, together with the 15-inch exciter wheel. The widths of 
gate openings of the 36-inch wheels are shown in the table. The 
15-inch exciter wheel ran at 0.13th gate in each case. The head on 
the wheels was 72 feet. Observations of the wheel gate openings 
were taken at the beginning and end of each test, and the average 
is given in the table. 

(See Report on New York's Water Supply, 1900, by John R. Freeman, C. E., page 137.) 
(See Water Supply and Irrigation, U. S. G. S., Paper No. 35, page 52.) 

The results of the current meter measurements of the total flow 
of the stream have been given in the general table on page 6. 

The relation between the metered and calculated flows on dif- 
ferent days is shown below, from gauge readings taken at the time 
measurements were made: 

CURRENT METER MEASUREMENTS. 



1900. 

May 22. 
July 27. 

August 7. 



Total flow 
(second-feet), 



412 
452 
108 



Flow 

In tailrace 

(second-feet). 



Flow 

over dam 

(second-feet). 



328 
376 

28* 



*Measured in stream channel above point of confluence with tailrace. 



CALCULATED FLOW. 



DATE. 


Crest-gauge 
reading (feet). 


Flow 
over dam 

(second-feet). 


Flow 

in tailrace 

(second-feet). 


Total flow 
(second-feet). 


1900. 


0.69 
0.79 
0.20 


282 
363 
29 


84 
84 
78 






366 








107 



The total flow in the first two cases was measured at Dolge- 
ville bridge above the dam, and the difference between the ob- 
served and calculated flows in the first instance is probably due 
to pond storage. 

The accompanying table of mean daily flows shows the amount 
of water passing down the stream from the dam each day, with 



the exception of Sundays, for which the flow has been taken as 
a mean between thai of the preceding and following days. Dams 
on this stream arc no1 numerous, nor is there extensive pond 
storage, so thai the table nm,\ be taken as fairly representing the 
natural liow regimen. 

The highest water observed while the record has been kept 
was mi April 19, 1900,, when a depth of L5 feel <»n t li<- crest of 
the dam was reached, corresponding to a How of 57.50 second-feet 
or 22.6 second-feel per square mile. The most notable low water 
period was September 13 to 10, inclusive, 1899, the average vol- 
ume of flow being G7 second-feet or 0.3 second-foot per square 
mile, for four days. 



Mean Monthly Run-Off of East Canada Creek at Dolgeville, Herkimer Count)/, N. Y. 
[Drainage area, 256 square miles.] 



MONTH. 


SECOND-FEET. 


SECOND-FEET 
PER SQUARE MILE. 


INCHES ON 
DRAINAGE AREA. 




1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1S98. 


1899. 


1900. 






81C 
439 
519 
1,978 
633 
196 
166 
97 
92 
112 
377 
706 


531 
879 
276 
2,086 
486 
370 
221 
245 




3.19 
1.71 
2.03 
7.72 
2.47 
0.76 


2.08 
3.4U 
1.08 
8.15 
1.90 
1.44 
0.86 
0.96 




2.77 
2.61 
3.00 
2.53 


3.67 

1.77 
2.34 
8.61 
2.84 
0.79 
0.75 
0.43 
0.40 
0.49 
1.64 
3.13 


2.39 






3.56 






1.24 






9.39 






2.19 






1.60 


Julv 






0.96 








2.49 
2.27 
2.69 
2.20 


0.38 
0.36 
0.43 
1.47 
2.72 


1.10 




638 
581 
689 
564 





























































36 



Table No. '.—Mean Daily Flow, East Canada Creek at Volgevtlle, Cubic Feet Per Second, 
[Drainage area, 236 square miles.] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sopt. 


Oct. 


Nov. 

503 

478 
443 
363 
343 
395* 
398 
378 
398 
648 
333 
1,937 
1,620* 
1,360 
1,110 
850 
' 590 
540 
540 
630* 
570 
535 
500 
465 
440 
370 
305* 
235 
235 
279 


Dec. 


1S9S. 




















275 
330* 
275 
270 
310 
330 
290 
280 
213* 
252 
242 
267 
287 
322 
1,422 
1,073* 
690 
465 
447 
477 
452 
637 
1,323* 
1,082 
832 
762 
1,222 
1,082 
877 
635* 
602 


372 
372 
372 










































4 










f 






























8'. 2 
372. 
































































9.. 




















s 


10 










































12 




















c 


13 




















*i 


14 




















01 
























16 












































18 




















c, *■ 


19 




















M 


20 












































22 








































485 
1,180 
943 
680 
625 
465 
370 
355 




24 








































26 




















27 




















28 








































30 
















































































638 


581 


689 
























1899. 

2 

3 


486* 
486 
530 
530 
1,320 
1,390 
1,135 
992* 
922 
722 
622 
542 
502 
562 
342* 
1,187 
1,167 ' 
1,942 
822 
742 
642 
542 
572 
652 
672 
672 
642 
602 
542* 
522 
472 


472 

462 

447 

492 

370* 

402 

397 

397 

397 

372 

372 

348* 

410 

462 

502 

502 

397 

402 

370* 

447 

477 

590 

992 

742 

512 

460* 

742 

742 


542 
447 
372 
422 
833* 
852 
787 
682 
542 
472 
447 
550* 
742 
773 
. 722 
602 
562 
472 
490* 
542 
572 
602 
602 
702 
672 
520* 
447 
492 
472 
492 
472 


462 
359* 
355 
412 

452 

512 

642 

922 

713* 

822 

952 

1.217 

1,642 

2,152 

2,972 

2,077* 

2,512 

2,682 

3,532 

4,182 

4,472 

3,472 

3,791* 

3,972 

3,992 

4,132 

3,782 

3,592 

8,017 

2,141* 


1,701 
1,401 
1,301 
1,261 
1,006 
771 
474* 
421 
371 
371 
421 
401 
431 
534* 
601 
541 
441 
601 
811 
741 
674* 
601 
541 
471 
421 
391 
371 
324* 
391 
373 
421 


3S4 

294 

218 

212* 

206 

200 

194 

234 

194 

194 

183* 

194 

194 

206 

264 

249 

175 

134* 

239 

161 

274 

206 

174 

133 

112* 

152 

152 

144 

119 

119 


116 
82* 
112 
79 
106 
103 
126 
215 
324* 
394 
270 
194 
194 
194 
175 
304* 
374 
264 
175 
126 
119 
100 
112* 
106 
110 
135 
111 
135 
115 
101* 
87 


118 
192 
210 
139 
99 
81* 
118 
'112 
100 
106 
126 
143 
123* 
103 
83 
78 
104 
78 
76 
75* 
74 
74 
67 
74 
94 
74 
44* 
74 
74 
74 
74 


109 
145 
145* 

78 

78 

71 

68 

67 

67 

67* 

67 

74 

67 

67 

67 

67 

67* 

67 

67 

74 

74 

74 

74 

74* 

74 
192 
192 
139 
126 
152 


135* 
118 
106 
106 
94 
89 
89 
94* 
92 
89 
77 
75 
74 
74 
74* 
74 
77 
118 
100 
103 
100 
SO* 
81 
100 
94 
94 
89 
89 
266* 
372 
246 


1,046 
1,674 
874 
757 
648* 
540 
404 
372 
340 
322 
282 
258* 
234 
234 
234 
288 
258 
234 
234* 
234 
208 
292 
292 
184 
152 
148* 
143 
143 
134 
134 


134 

292 


4 




5 




6 




7.... 




8 




9 




10 




11 




12 


2,000 
3,029 
1,530 


13 


15 


16 


914 


18 


1,325 


19 


1,947 


20..... 




21 . .". 


1,422: 

874- 


22 


23 


757 


24 


Mb*- 


25 


542 


26 


4?Ai 


28 ....... 

29 


330 
282 
2S2 


30 


254 


31 


25 l J* 








816 


439 


519 


1,987 1 


633 


196 


166 


97 


92 


112 


377 


70« 



■ Sunday. 



Table No, 



37 



\.—Mean Dally Flow, East Canada Creek at Dolgeville, Cubic Feet Pe 
(Concluded). 



I Drainage area, 256 square miles.] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


.lllll.'. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


WOO. 


264 
264 
288 
288 
300 
346 
316* 
410 
410 
372 
S62 
318 
300 
258* 
264 
252 
210 
632 
516 
960 
1,704* 
1,380 
1,114 

1,01a 

820 

709 

604 

503* 

410 

346 

346 


288 
288 
288 
288* 
288 
266 
264 
288 
8u0 
718 
71S* 
718 
3,759 
4,320 
2,467 
1,632 
1,232 
939* 
646 
562 
518 
540 
709 
562 
470* 
378 
346 
312 


252 
240 

a$a 

227* 

240 

192 

152 

192 

258 

340 

3,41* 

306 

270 

2:14 

234 

192 

152 

173* 

262 

306 

340 

340 

340 

340 

340* 

306 

282 

282 

306 

420 

46S 


631* 
794 

914 

911 

914 

1,626 

2,321 

2,714* 

1,371 

1,094 

1,002 

1,012 

1,020 

1,020 

1,197* 

1,374 

1,926 

4,626 

5,335 

4,917 

4,842 

4,368* 

3,895 

3,095 

2,840 

2,355 

2,243 

1,586 

1,506* 

1,207 


1.47C, 
1,188 
800 
610 
174 
410* 
346 
471 
610 
800 
610 
.",16 
454* 
3(12 
312 
342 
288 
288 
288 
264* 
240 
288 
288 
288 
276 
264 


5!il 

394 

372 

608 

827 

643* 

4K0 

406 

376 

394 

376 

335 

304* 

274 

256 

256 

250 

246 

326 

300* 

274 

294 

294 

300 

300 

149 


130* 

112 

112 

115 

118 

152 

184 

193* 

2D0 

182 

167 

145 

132 

121 

137* 

150 

16i 

202 

190 

158 

310 

252* 

194 

374 

686 

767 

422 

276 

219* 

162 

110 


153 
126 
110 
HI 

93* 

82 

89 

98 
108 

98 

87 
111* 
192 
396 
274 
250- 
185 
167 
133* 

92 
110 
111 
142 
117 
117 

77* 

92 
223 
136 
181 
151 


132 
151* 
129 
190 
167 
149 
157 
118 
118* 

73 
152 
142 
142 
136 
128 

93* 
117 
104 

95 

73 
196 
184 
ISO* 
154 

99 
water 
dr'wn 
off, 
no 
rec'd * 
kept. 
























































































































































20 
















>2 








23 ... 








_>i 








25 
















27 








28 




• 












so 








31 




















531 


879 


276 


2,(.S6 


486 


370 


221 


144 


133 















• Sunday. 



1. 11. 


JAN. 


FEB. 


MAR. 


APR. 


MAY 


JUNE 


JULY 


AUG. 


SEPT. 


OCT. 


NOV 


DEE 


4,00l' 


10 20 


10 20 


10 20 


10 20 


10 20 


10 20 


10 20 


10 20 


10 20 


10 20 


10 20 


10 20 


















































































































































































































"2,500 
















































































































































































1 


89 


8 






























2,000 

1,500 






































































































































1 


































































































































i. 






i 










-3 
































































1 






n 


500 






















































1 




i 




1 


i 


*| 




















































1 


ilA 


ll 



Km. No. 13.— Discharge of East Canada Creek at Dolgevnle, Herkimer County, N. Y., 1898. 



as 



Sec. ft. 

4,000 



2,800 



2,000 



-1,500 



JAN 
10 20 


FEB 
10 20 


MAF? 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT 
10 20 


NOV 
10 20 


DEC 
10 20 






















oil 

"-'!■ 


•5 










































































































































































































• 














1 


39 


9 
































































































| 


1 






































































A 






1 


1 


i 


A 
















































u 


-ljr } ' f i 


'; 1 


U 


1. 
































n 


1 



Fig. No. 14.— Discharge of East Canada Creek at Dolgeville, Herkimer County, N. Y., 1899. 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
IO 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC 
10 20 








<> 






































































































































































































































1 


90 



































1 




























































































□ 
































































C 


j 

y 










1 






















































1 


i 


4 


M 


i 

































Sec. ft. 

4,000 ; 



8,000 



2,500 



2,'OOU 



1,500 



1,000 



Fig. Xo. lj. —discharge of East Canada Creek at Dolgeville, Herkimer County, N. Y., 1900. 



:;!i 



YVEST BRANCH OF FISB CREEK AT McCONNELLSVILLE, 
ONEIDA COUNTY, N. V. 

This stream rises in the northern part of Oneida county and 
Mows in a southerly direction to its junction with the i ast branch 
at Taberg station, where it forms the main Fish creek, which 
stream flows in a westerly direction, emptying into the east end 
of Oneida lake. The lower part of the course of Fish creek is 
shown on the Oneida atlas sheet of the United States Geological 
Survey. 

The station is located at the Harden dam in McConnellsville. 
This dam is of timber, haying a slight leakage, which has been 
estimated at 10 second-feet. The dam is in two sections, forming 
an angle in plan, the length of the right and left hand sections 
being 102.69 feet and 73 feet, respectively. 

During the summer the flashboards are on the dam, and Fran- 
cis' formula is used in computing the flow. At other times, a 
discharge curve, derived from Cornell experiments, is used. Three 
water wheels are in use. Two are 54-inch wheels, built by the 
Camden Water Wheel Works, and are usually run 10 hours per 
day, at a nearly constant gate opening. 

Current meter measurements of the discharge of one of these 
wheels, as run under light and heavy load, show the following 
results : 

June 2, 1900 Discharge 13.2 second-feet; 

September 6, 1900 Discharge 51.8 second-feet; 

Ten dams located on this stream furnish power to seventeen 
mills. • 



40 



Table No. 8.-Mean Daily Flow of West Branch, Fish Creek, at MeConnellsville, Cubic Feet Per 

Second. 
[Drainage area, 187 square miles.] 



DAY. 



15.. 
16., 
17., 
18., 
19., 
20., 
21.. 
22.. 

24.'! 
25.. 
26.. 
27.. 
28.. 
29.. 
30.. 
31.. 



Jan. 



April. 



1S99. 



June. 



July. 



Mean. 



120 

126 

194 

261 

321 

396 

396 

235' 

352 

422 

502 

587 

873 

873 

795* 

787 

735 

615 

615 

530 

495 

360* 

314 

425 

350 

325 

338 

308 

225* 

278 

278 

435 



228 

183 

183 

172 

120* 

212 

156 

156 

147' 

136 

117 

80* 

99 
132 

94 
131 
148 
133 
120* 
183 
198 
258 
338 
438 
438 
360* 
403 
403 



206 



102 
402 
43S 
595 
700* 
956 



443 

442 

442 

360* 

552 

599 

599 

599 

593 



586 

520* 

601 

601 

601 

59i 



Aug. 



Sept. 



700 


1.557 


856 


2,110* 


583 


1,690 


546 


1,724 


700* 


2,055 


1,178 


2,440 


1,178 


2,920 


1,178 


3,040 


972 


2,410* 


782 


1,720 


567 


1,614 


485* 


1,434 


505 


1,174 


433 


1,085 


442 


1,045 



273 

S13 
243 



664 
564 
470 



364 

220* 



184 
184 
120 
183 
154 
154 
183 
243 
194 
120* 
189 
189 
189 
189 
374 
374 
255 s 
303 
244 
194 
189 
174 
131 
50» 
700 
455 
483 



Oct. 



100 
90 
96 
47 
47 
50* 
98 
81 
57 
55 
57 

332 

3«> 
191 
•231 
181 
181 
147 



Nov. 



337 
50 
111 
121 
130 
137 
131 
122 
65* 
102 
81 
87 

124 
134 

S97 

S60*f 

562 

346 

227 

190 

173 

467 

700* 

750 

624 

434 
1,097 

871 

686 

440*. 

464 



365 
319 
292 
172 
155 
120* 
146 
138 
135 
557 
1,562 
997 
700* 
734 
434 
514 
365 
365 
365 
370* 
371 
220 
216 
300 
329 
319 
255* 
299 
251 
172 



333 



Dee. 



237 

245 

217 

195* 

182 

182 

198 

182 

199 

180 

140* 

199 

186 

212 

162 

157 

147 

120* 

1S7 

157 

190 

287 

317 

468 

390* 

285 

285 

225 

170 

120 

120 

210 



615 1,206 



• Sunday? 



41 



I'abi.e No. 8.— Mean Daily Flow of Weal Branch, Fish Creel 

...l . - '(Concluded 



i Kb< 'onnetlaville, Cubic Feet Per 
[Drainage area, 187 square miles.] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


April. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1900. 










278 

255 

882 

243 

213 

205* 

225 

165 

185 

185 

185 

172 

105* 

148 

140 

1SS 

125 

120 

1U6 

75* 
104 
104 

96 

96 

86 

86 

3S* 

82 

71 

52 

88 


96 

78 

28* 

70 

58 

70 

70 

88 

90 

52* 

78 

70 

60 

68 

78 

86 

52* 

72 

5S 

78 

70 

70 

68 

28* 

70 

70 

70 

70 

70 

68 



68 


52* 

78 

78 

52 

52 

96 

80 

52* 

7s 

78 

78 

70 

70 

60 

10* 

60 

60 

70 

60 

60 

60 

10* 

60 

50 

64 

60 

76 

26 

36* 

60 

60 

60 


60 

60 

60 

58 

10* 

50 

50 

50 

50 

58 

50 

30* 

56 

168 
98 
61 
61 
48 
19* 
80 
50 
50 
60 
55 
30 
19* 
60 

134 
76 
50 
50 


48 

10* 

20 

50 

50 

60 

60 

28 

10* 

50 

50 

60 

60 

60 

58 

10* 

60 

60 

55 

55 

196 

239 

12S* 
87 
87 
66 
66 
66 
50 
58* 


69 

54 

49 

65 

65 

64 

34* 

39 

39 

59 

55 

54 

64 

36* 

71 

76 

76 

46 

86 

71 

60* 
106 
116 
218 
118 
134 
140 
128* 
150 
150 
206 






•) 














•. 
























































- 














9 














■I . . 














10 .. 




























ra 














13 














U 














15 














16 








































19 














■jo . . 














VI 














23 




























M 














25 1 












26 ' 












27 1 












28 1 












29 












30 












.n 












! 














143 


57 


65 


88 

















* Sundays. 
(See Water Supply and Irrigation Paper, U. S. G. S., No. 36, page 186.) 



8. ft 


JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 
































































































































































































































































! 


69 


8 






























1,200 
















































































































































(i 


























































,| 










■ 

























































I 


li 


1 


I 1 **! 



Fig. No. 16.— Discharge of West Branch of Fish Creek at McConnjllsville, Oneida County, N. Y., 1893. 



42 



Sec ft. 
3,200 


JAN. 
10 20 


FEB 

ro 20 


MAR 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 


2,800 










































































2,400 
2,000 






















































































































































































1 


89 


9 
































1,600 




















1 




















































1,200 


- 












- 






1 




















- 


— 




























seo 


- 


i 










i 


1 




I 






I 












































400 


1 


i 






1 




m 


1 






r 










































, 


!.' 


L 






J 





































Fig. No. 17.— Discharge of West Branch of Fish Creek at JlcConnellsville, Oneila County, N. Y., 1S99. 



Sec. ft. 
3,200 

2,800 
2,400 

2,000 
1,(100 
1,200 


JAN. 
10 20 


FEB 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 






























































































































































































































































1 


9G 



















































































































































































400 



















































































No 


R 


:c< 


,rd 










1 


k 




. . 


. 




















I 


III 


yi 


k 















Fig. No. 18.— Discharge of West Branch of Fish Creek at McConnellsville, Oneida County, N. Y., 1900. 



43 



Vean Vonthly Run-Off of West Branch ofFish Creel at VeConnellsville, Oneida County, N, ) 
[Drainage area, 186.7 Square Miles.] 



MONTH. 


SECOND-FEET. 


SKCOND-FEET 
TER SQUARE MILE. 


INCHES ON 
DRAINAGE ARE't. 




1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 






435 

206 
648 
1,206 
239 
191 
:.7 






2.33 
1.10 
3 17 
6.46 
1.28 
0.54 
0.30 






2.68 

1.14 
4.00 
7.20 
1.47 
0.60 
0.34 














March 














April 














Mav 




14.'! 
68 
60 
57 
65 
88 




0.7b 
0.36 
0.32 




^7 






0.41) 


July 




0.37 








0.30 
0.34 


0.3+ 




134 
333 
385 

211 




0.72 
1.78 
2.06 
1.13 




0.80 
2.07 
2.30 
1.30 




6.3k! 






0.42 


0.48 













































































HUDSON RIVER AT FORT EDWARD, WASHINGTON 
COUNTY, N. Y. 

This station, which is located at the dam of the International 
Paper Company, was established in 1805, in connection with Up- 
per Hudson Storage Surveys.* The dam is of framed timber on 
slate rock foundation, and has but little leakage. The crest is 
straight, very nearly level, and 587.6 feet in length. The crest 
gauge zero stands at the level of the lip of the dam proper. 
Flashboards are usually maintained on the dam from 15 inches 
to 18 inches in height. A record is kept of the height of flash- 
boards, and of the times of their setting and removal. 

There are 62 water wheels in the adjoining mill. These are- 
nearly all of modern types which have been tested at the Holyoke 
flume. A record is kept of the daily run of each in hours, as well 
as of the working head, which is usually 19 feet. The discharge 
through the turbines is taken from diagrams expressing the flow 
as a function of the working head and number of wheel-hours, 
run. 

In the winter of 1896-1897, a flood spillway was cut around the 
south end of the dam, over which the water begins to flow when- 
ever it reaches the level of the crest of the flashboards. The 

•See Report of State Engineer and Surveyor of New York, 1895, page 105. 



44 

profile of the spillway is very irregular and causes some uncer- 
tainty in the calculated flows during times of high-water. 

Whenever the flashboards are off from the main dam, the flow 
is computed by means of the formula used by the East Indian 
engineers in ^their computations for irrigation works.* This for- 
mula is as follows: 

Q = |L.C. V2p" 3 (1) 
in which equation 

Q = the discharge over a thin edged clear overfall, in cubic feet 
per second. 

L = the length of the dam in lineal feet. 

= a coefficient depending for its value on " d." 

g = acceleration of gravity = 32.2, 

d = depth on crest in feet. 

Equation (1) may also take the form 

Q = 5.35L. C. Vds (2) 

To find C for different values of d we have 

c = ( 0.04 (34.6 + d) ) (3) 

This gives a series of values of C corresponding to d. For in- 
stance, for d = 25 feet, = 0.651; for d = 0.50 feet, C = 0.649, 
For a wide-crested dam the coefficient is further-modified to suit 
the actual width of the crest. For this is given the expression 
C , = C _(0.025C(B + 1)^ (t) 

in which equation .,— .= ■ 

B = the width of the crest in lineal feet. 

C = the coefficient for thin-edged weir corresponding to a depth 
<d, as per equation (3), and 

C 1 = the adjusted coefficient corresponding to a given breadth 
B and a depth d. 

With the flashboards on, the flow has been computed from Fran- 
cis' well-known formula for the sharp-crested weir. During the 
dry season but little water passes over the dam, the entire flow 



*See Mullin's Irrigation Manual, 1890, 11, 138, 171. 



45 



being employed i<> drive the turbines. A currenl meter measure- 
ment was made at the highway bridge below the dam on July 
26th. The flow was found to be 2704 second-feet. 

The calculated discharge from the gauge readings at the dam 
and mill varied from 2420 to 2720 eecond-feet while the measure- 
ment was being taken. The turbines do not run continuously 
for 24 hours at this rate, however. The mean flow for the day 
was 1467 second-feet. 

The drainage area tributary to the Hudson above Fort Edward 
is 0.56 of that of the same stream above Mechanicville gauging 
station. The principal intervening tributaries are the Hoosick 
river and Batten Kill, having drainage areas of 730 and 460 
square miles respectively. 



Mean Monthly Run-Off of Hudson River at Fort Edward. 
[Drainage area, 2,800 square miles.] 



MONTH. 


SECOND- FEET. 


SECOND-FEET 
PER SQUARE MILE. 


INCHES ON 
DRAINAGE AREA. 




1899. 


1900. 


1899. 


1900. 


1899. 


1900. 




8,527 
1,902 
5,005 
16,811 
9,561 
1,617 
1,150 
714 
1,347 
1,033 
5,098 
5,157 


3,211 
7,074 
3.934 
16,914 
6,358 
2,834 
1,248 
1,652 
1,110 
1,243 


1.26 

0.68 

1.787 

6.004 

3.414 

0.57!> 

0.41 

0.26 

0.481 

0.37 

1.82 

1.841 


1.15 

2.53 
1.40 
6.04 
2.27 
1.01 
0.45 
0.59 
0.40 
0.44 


1.45 
0.70 
2.05 
6.69 
3.83 
0.63 
0.47 
30 
0.53 
0.42 
2.03 
2.12 


1.32 




2.63 




1.61 


April 


6.74 




2.61 




1.13 


July 


0.51 




0.68 




0.44 




0.5O 













































4G 



Table No 9.— Mean Daily Flow of Hudson River at Fort Edward, Cubic Feet Per Second. 
[Drainage area, 2,800 square miles.] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


April. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct, 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1895. 






















6,733* 

6,582 

6,632' 

4,307 

3,88;! 

3,721 

3,866 


































































































































































































3,445 
3,656 

2,507 
2,637 
2,279 


























































































































































































































































2,293 
2,293 
3,030 
3,378* 
6,992 
6,843 
6,049 
9,097 
9,097 
10,188 
































































































































































































































































8,664 








































































































1899. 
1 


2,415* 
2,619 
2,619 
2,619 
2,019 
2,877 
2,877 
4,335* 
4,320 
3,896 
3,872 
2,944 
3,225 
4,300 
2,415* 
5,368 
5,388 
5,388' 
5,388 
5,388 
5,388 
1,356* 
3,491 
3,776 
3,618 
3,623 
3,623 
3,041 
925* 
2,816 
2,816 


2,822 
2,822 
2,502 
2,606 

945* 
1,839 
1,539 
1,539 
1,539 
1,539 
1,162 

942* 
2,109 
2,109 
2,109 
2,109 
2,109 
1,504 
1,150* 
1,682 
1,682 
1,682 
2,012 
2,308 
1,600 
1,600* 
2,853 
2,842 


3,744 

3,744 

3,744 

6,154 

2,415* 

5,444 

5,444 

5,444 

5,444 

5,444 

5,444 

3,025* 

5,144 

5,444 

5,444 

5,315 

4,335 

4,335 

3,344* 

6,099 

6,229 

6,229 

6,229 

5,703 

5,703 

2,415* 

5,444 

5.444 

5,506 

5,506 

5,506 


6,514 

1.6U0* 

4,378 

4,378 

4,378 

4,378 

4,654 

4,654 

1,560* 

4,334 

9,202 

9,967 

9,967 

17,428 

17,406 

20,095* 

21,222 

21,222 

21,800 

27,059 

29,545 

29,618 

25,640* 

32,158 

32,159 

29,619 

29,619 

29,620 

27,032 

23,120* 


23,033 
23,033 
23,033 
19,689 
19,689 
21,949 
12,340* 
21.940 
21,949 
8,283 
6,549 
7,049 
2,049 
6,960* 
7,049 
5,204 
5,204 
5,204 
5,204 
8,617 
700* 
4,864 
4,864 
4,184 
4,282 
3,901 
3,901 
1,356* 
3,104 
3,104 
3,104 


3,106 

3,106 

3,106 

1,356* 

2,218 

2,218 

2.218 

2,218 

2,218 

2,138 

1,356* 

1,917 

1,917 

1,912 

1,912 

1,860 

1,720 

945* 

1,683 

1,454 

988 

752 

590 

590 

747* 

1,329 

894 

888 

585 

583 


583 

945* 

945 

945 

583 

289 

743 

762 

100* 

1,547 

1,547 

1,817 

1,817 

1,817 

1,817 

455* 

1,817 

1,817 

1,817 

1,817 

1,645 

1,645 

465* 

1,368 

1,300 

1,103 

1,103 

1,275 

1,275 

20* 

461 


363 
363 
363 
363 
363 

* 

574 

574 

574 

916 

916 

916 

20* 

1,176 

1,176 

1,176 

916 

916 

916 

574* 

1,176 

576 

576 

948 


923 

923 

20* 

1,186 

1,186 

1,184 

920 

920 

920 

20* 

975 

953 

867 

631 

620 

577 

20* 

624 

624 

577 

954 

1,024 

1,024 

20* 

1,184 

3,404 

4,889 

4,889 

4,181 

4,181 


2,181* 

2,181 

1,785 

1,785 

1,211 

912 

1,172 

20* 

1,008 

1,112 

1,182 

1,182 

1,182 

919 

20* 

1,177 

575 

576 

826 

861 

1,184 

20* 

1,446 

1,439 

923 

918 

919 

919 

20* 

1,183 

1,183 


9,268 
11,948 
12,250 
9,403 
14,930* 
9,402 
5,668 
7,974 
7,951 
6,149 
6,149 
1,860* 
8,923 
3,817 
3,135 
3,133 
3,183 
3,183 
20* 
2,900 
2,900 
2,900 
2,580 
2,311 
2,014 
20* 
2,811 
2,206 
2,206 
2,206 


1.941 


2 


3 


1,280* 
4 267 


4 


5 


4,307 
4,307 
4,243 
4,243 
4,243 


6 




9 


10 


11 


2,194 
2,369 
9,675 


12 


13 


14 


15 


11,410 
8 130 


16... 


17 

18 


5,882* 
8,229 
8,229 
8,574 
8,574 
8,574 
8,220 
2,415* 
2,415 
4,809 
4,234 
4,234 
4,234 
4,234 
20* 


19 


20 


21 


22 


23 


24 


25 


26 


27 


28 


30 


31 






Mean , ... 


3,527 


1,902 


5,005 


16,811 


9,561 


1,617 


1,150 


714 


1,347 


1,033 


5,098 


5,157 



' Sundays. 



17 



Table No. 9.— Jfeati Daily Flow of Hudson River at fori Edward, Washington County, N. r. 
Cubia Feet Per Second— (Concluded). 

[Drainage area, 2,800 square miles.] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb 


Mar. 


April. 


May. 


June. 


•Inly. 




Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1900. 


3,001 

1,957 

1,957 

1,957 

1,957 

2,053 

1,401* 

2,217 

2,217 

2,217 

2,217 

2,217 

2,211 

1,571* 
2,217 
2,217 

2.217 
2,217 

2,217 

2,217 

1,401* 

5,85S 

7,312 

7,577 

6,991 

6,991 

5,862 

2,041* 

5,212 

4,287 

3,571 

3,211 


3,481 

3,221 
8,221 

1,810* 

2,961 

2,447 

2,447 

2,417 
3,221 
3,889 
2,062* 
4,186 
7,369 
16,615 
17,747 
18,499 
18,975 
13,045* 
15,531 
9,340 
9,141 
7,611 
7,013 
6,259 
5,609* 
4,694 
4,232 
4,045 


4,2-12 
4,862 
3,019* 

4,162 

8,741 

3,471 

4,208 

3,259* 

3,879 

8,659 

3,723 

3,759 

3,571 

3,095 

1,302* 

3,479 

3,179 

4,830 

4,942 

4,942 

4,942 

2,911* 

4,742 

4,712 

4,466 

4,882 

4,942 

4,942 


3,237* 
4,932 
5,261 

5,701 
5.701 
7,376 

10,5«6 
11,360* 
14,316 
11, 636 
11,636 
11,636 
10,776 
10,776 
9,202* 
10,776 
12,946 
17,076 
23,626 
31,495 
34,899 
34,470* 
43,900 
36,061 
30,945 
26,635 
23,536 
1S.4S0 
14,250* 
14,210 


12.1S6 
11,899 
10,776 
11,626 
9,646 
3,015* 
7,351 
8,246 
5,836 
8,246 
6,603 
6,608 
4,450* 
5,361 
6,378 
7,348 
5,993 
6,987 
5,961 
3,015* 
7,342 
5,967 
6,336 
5,111 
3,677 
4,912 
415* 
4,366 
4,319 
3,372 
3,460 


4,924 
4,924 
8,422" 

4,921 
5,094 

4,419 
4,440 
1,539 

1,367* 
3,859 
3,201 
2,924 
2,921 
2.9S1 
2,268 
795* 
2,941 
1,677 
1,957 
2,407 
1,915 
1,979 
20* 
2,607 
2,191 
1,178 
2,1S1 
1,241 
1,069 


175* 
827- 
827 
30 

1,216 

!l?l 

821 

1,215* 
1,288 
1,255 

827 
1,260 

841 
1,467 

803* 
2,171 
1,248 
1,220 

934 
1,360 
1,268 
30* 
1,306 
1,338 
2,033 
1,467 
3,441 
3,263 

175* 
1,987 
1,656 


1,927 
1,101 
1,719 
1,332 
1,087* 
1,256 
1,087 
1,350 
1,579 
1,7111 
1,729 
1,053* 
2,271 
2,565 
3,019 
3,233 
3,347 
2,989 
1,420* 
2,242 
1,250 
1,534 
977 
940 
901 
95* 
9X8 
928 
1,487 
1,531 
1,791 


1,044 

956* 

190 

1,445 

827 

715 

827 

827 

827* 

1,211 

1,211 

1,211 

827 

1,579 

1,293 

686* 

1,233 

1,233 

1,112 

1,112 

1,211 

1,175 

912* 

1,612 

1,661 

1,557 

1,329 

1,435 

1,180 

865* 


827 

827 

827 

827 

627 

827 

20* 

1,466 

1,216 

1,216 

1,258 

1,238 

1,366 

872* 

1,818 

1,504 

1,306 

1,450 

1,246 

1,224 

Si2* 

1,611 

1,040 

1,118 

1,106 

1 ,251 

1,773 

804* 

2,703 

2,447 

1,647 












-. 




























„ 
























12 




































IS 






19 
















22 












21 






25 












•>,- 












29 




















7,704 i 3. 934 


16,914 


6,358 


2.S34 


1,248 


1,652 


1,110 


1 1,243 










' 







: Sundays. 



Sec. ft. 
52,000 



28,000 



20,000 



12,000 



4,000 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG 
10 20 


SEPT 
10 20 


OCT 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 






















™i 








































































































































































































1 ' 

i 












1 


BS 


9 


































































































































TJ 
























L 






1 


1 








II 


II 


|l 


L 


1. 


I 





































J 




^TTP " ! !T 


h 


i 


i* 


y 


y 


la 




ii 


■u 


III 


ku 


J 


L 


Ik 


J 


III 



Fio. No. 19.— Discharge of Hudson River at Fort Edward, Washington County, N. Y., 1899. 



48 



Sec. ft. 
^ 32,000 

88,000 

24,000 

20,000 


JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 






















o 

^1 






































































































































































































1 


























1 


90 



































32,000 
8,000 
4,000 
























































































1 


1 




















































t 




11 






in 


\ 


11 


i 


kk> 










































hit "t if 


ik 







































Fig. No. 20.— Discharge of Hudson River at Fort Edward, Washington County, N. Y., 1900. 



HUDSON RIVER AT MECHANICVILLE, SARATOGA 
COUNTY, N. Y. 

A record of the flow of Hudson, river at Mechanicville has 
been kept by the Duncan Company, beginning December, 1888. 
The record includes two daily readings of the depth on the crest 
of the dam, and a continuous record of the run of the water 
wheels in the adjoining paper mill. The accompanying tables 
show the monthly and daily mean flow at Mechanicville, com- 
puted by Mr. R. P. Bloss, the engineer of the company. A record 
is kept of the length and height of the flashboards at all times, 
with the dates of their setting and removal. 

The flow over the dam has been computed by Francis Formula 
for the Merrimac dam : 

Q = 3.01 L H 1.53. 
L being 794 feet. The same formula has been used in all cases, 
whether flashboards are on or off. 



49 

The flow through the water wheels has been taken from the 
rating tables of the manufacturers. The working head on the 
wheels varies from 15 to IT feet, depending on the condition of 
the flashboards on the dam. A test, by Mr. Bloss, of a 39-inch 
Hercules wheel in the mill, which has been in use about eight 
years, shows the actual discharge to be substantially as given in 
the manufacturers' tables, when running at the speed of greatest 
efficiency. When running at higher speed, the discharge may be 
several per cent. less. 

A current meter measurement of the flow below the dam was 
made at the Mechanicville toll bridge October 20, showing a dis- 
charge of 1,871 second-feet. The result is somewhat uncertain, 
owing to slack water. No water was flowing over the dam, and 
the calculated turbine discharge was 1,977 second-feet. 

The flow of Hudson river at Mechanicville has been calculated 
using the East Indian Engineers' formula for flow over the dam.* 
This formula gives a somewhat larger discharge than that 
obtained by using formula given above. 

Table No. 10.— Mean Daily Flow of Hudson River at Mechanicville, Saratoga County, N. Y. 

Cubic Feet Per Second. 

[Drainage area, 4,500 square miles.] 



Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec 



6,252 



5,319 
5,276 
5,563 
5,698 
6,873 
7,592 



6,431 
6,249 
5,136 
11,930 
11,424 
10,557 



10,176 
7,898 
7,318 
8,401 
14,053 
10,625 



11,873 
9,866 
9,173 
8,171 
8,101 
7,727 



4,822 



4,340 
4,839 
5,034 
4,114 
3,956 

4 ',666 

5,286 
5,139 
5,145 
5,865 
7,639 
1 

9*,732 
8,078 
7,706 
5,396 
6,978 
7,224 



7,445 
7,348 
6,746 
6,149 
5,915 
5,461 

5," 380 



5,011 
4,998 
4,927 
4,909 
4,791 



4,998 
4,875 
6,418 
7,004 
9,746 
20,202 



39,231 
36,155 
31,310 
31,069 
31,794 
29,304 



35,917 
33,660 
30,004 
26,754 
24,034 
21,040 



19,077 
19,818 
22,777 
21,805 



306 

01S 

Bio* 

890 

<m 

693 

92s 
787 
158 
924* 

91r") 
646 
,553 
SI 5 
,824 
,188 
,575* 



iss 
155 

157 

922 
,127 

815 
,627* 
,440 
,210 

338 
,4-10 
,165 
,673 



13,474 

11,545 

9,702 

10,820 

10,570 

11,300 

11,032 

10,250* 

9,700 

8,695 

7,875 

8,420 

11,054 

10,585 

10,161* 

9,967 

10,082 

10,637 

9,404 

9,412 

8,355 

7,954* 

8,000 

8,400 

9,491 

11,953 

14,758 

15,327 

14,140* 

12,727 

10,490 



13,047 10,525 



5,069 



9,490 


3,179 


8,159 


3,014 


7,558 


3,007 


6,292 


3,007* 


5,808* 


3,364 


5,508 


2.5S8 


4,729 


2,453 


4,399 


2,314 


4,249 


2,220 


3,978 


1,163* 


8,425 


2,000 


3,857* 


2,182 


4,299 


2,058 


4,945 


2,080 


7,662 


2,184 


6,872 


2,159 


5,681 


1,163* 


4,620 


3,192 


4,851* 


2,224 


5,593 


2,175 


4,603 


2,192 


4,399 


8,188 


4,198 


3,565 


4,348 


3,549* 


4,097 


3,928 


4,024* 


4,665 


4,115 


4,258 


3,556 


3,656 


3,508 


3,352 


3,238 


3,175 




3,015* 



2,751 



3,005 
3,888 
6,225 
5,722 
6,031 
5,832 
5,415* 
5,091 
4,335 
3,926 
3,743 
3,387 
3,331 
3,148* 
3,362 
3,250 
3,223 
3,235 
3,660 
4,507 
4,495* 
4,718 
3,927 
5,779 
ll,167f 
9,953 t 
8,125f 
+8,250* 
6,109f 
4,829t 
4,217+ 



5,029 



4,345t 
4,007+ 
4,145t 
*4,340l 
4,547 
4,145 
4,007 
4,930 
4,217 
3,813 
3,368* 
3,304 
3,188 
3,732 
2,597 
2,487 
2,597 
2,873* 
3,873 
3,365 
2,975 
2,899 
2,666 
3,297 
5,231* 
6,878 
5,706 
4,775 
4,345 
3,650 



3,222 
2,877* 
2,835 
3,780 
11,210 
20,089 
9,472 
8,261 
7,872* 
6,960 
6,038 
6,109 
5,331 
4,829 
6,888 
7,838* 
8,125 
7,250 
6,500 
6,508 
6,418 
6,310 
6,894* 
7,578 
7,178 
6,693 
9,383 
11,042 
10,485 
10,059* 
9,953 



3,810 7,516 



7,954 
7,667 
6,590 
6,500 
5,890 
5,803* 
5,890 
5,503 
5,873 
6,238 
20,256 
16,262 
14,510* 
13,202 
11,385 
10,366 
9,722 
8,910 
8,922 
10,505* 
11,167 
10,366 
9,610 
8,898 
8,685 
7,847 
6,413* 
5,820 
6,300 
6,300 



8,978 



6,300 

6,130 

5,698 

5,185* 

5,994 

6,500 

6,322 

5,456 

4,150 

4.675 

4,345* 

4,290 

3,739 

3,540 

3,850 

4,007 

4,495 

4,590* 

4,590 

4,885 

5,035 

5,035 

6,908 

8,369 

7,747* 

6,885 

5,872 

4,618 

4,628 

4,828 

5,348 



5,391 



* Sunday, f Discharge August 25 to September 4 approximate, owing to Irregular flashboards. 



•See Report of State Engineer and Surveyor of New York, 1895, page 105. 



50 



Table No. 10.— Mean Daily Flow of Hudson River at Mechanicville, Saratoga County, N. Y., Cubic 
Feet Per Second — (Concluded). 

[Drainage area, 4,500 square miles.] 



DAYS. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1899. 
1 


4,262* 
4,262 
5,209 
6,065 
9,146 
8,460 
8,355 
8,350* 
8,026 
6,562 
5,766 
5,250 
5,272 
5,960 
7,435* 
8,910 
10,155 
9,685 
7,339 
6,385 
6,297 
5,770* 
5,697 
5.522 
6,950 
5,775 
5,4i8 
4,545 
4,290* 
4,345 
4,066 


3,910 

4,268 

4,268 

4,150 

4,002* 

4,223 

4,048 

4,275 

3,448 

3,665 

3,622 

4,062* 

4,196 

4,508 

4,600 

4,793 

5,598 

5,691 

5,620* 

5,267 

4,855 

5,686 

10,083 
7,501 
5,583 
5,255* 
6,450 

10,326 


7,847 
7,040 
6,403 

* 
16,501 
12,266 
9,077 
8,665 
7,909 
7,315 
11,739* 
15,437 
12,153 
10,555 
10,012 
9.0S0 
7,895 
9,322* 
11,350 
9,670 
9,337 
8,645 
8,657 
8,095 
7,492* 
6,895 
6,615 
7,835 
8,765 
7,602 


7,980 
7,159* 
6,955 
7,934 
9,405 
9,955 
11,719 
19,708 
18,275* 
15,062 
15,582 
16,875 
17,145 
21,378 
27,975 
29,730* 
31,112 
29,667 
29,711 
33,940 
36,210 
36,210 
37, !46* 
38,283 
39,064 
41,475 
40,664 
38,300 
33,908 
30,292* 


26,900 
27,617 
25,551 
22,472 
19,242 
15,152 
12,662* 
10,960 
9,270 
8,587 
7,446 
7,550 
7,155 
7,060* 
7,772 
7,346 
5,738 
5,729 
5,928 
5,917 
5,925* 
6,187 
5,313 
4,756 
4,710 
4,462 
4,117 
3,985* 
4,125 
3,787 
3,918 


3,990 

3,796 

3,601 

2,220* 

2,990 

2,840 

2,728 

2,805 

2,525 

2,290 

2,399 
2,505 
2,230 
2,135 
3,078 
3,060 
2,762* 
2,950 
2,508 
2,372 
2,280 
2.105 
1,878 
304* 
1,878 
2,241 
2,290 
2,368 
2,512 


2,220 
1,047* 
2,128 

2,741 
1,610 
1,670 
1,211 

3,000 
8,533 
3,296 
3,243 
3,002 
2 800 

2,861 
3,338 
2,860 
2,560 
2,485 
3,395 

2,240 
2,233 
2,188 
2,021 
2,140 
1,686 

2,055 


1,520 
629 
1,213 
1,153 
1,085 

1,494 
1,616 
1,475 

484 
1,148 

993 
* 
1,580 
1,680 
1,501 
1,815 

979 
1,390 

1,610 
1,133 
1,743 
3,460 
1,383 
1,463 

1,756 
1,738 
1,739 
1,477 


1,713 

1,561 

1,293 
1,860 
1,764 
1,706 
1,680 
1,466 

1,480 
1,598 
1,471 
1,567 
1,484 
1,549 
* 

711 

1,636 

957 

941 

1,448 

1,464 

1,516 
2,116 
6,000 
5,127 
4,413 
4,870 


4,042 
3,453 
2,850 
2,745 
2,650 
2,571 

2,590 
2,712 
2,903 
2,874 
2,926 
2,353 
* 

2,177 
2,133 
1,853 
1,798 
1,997 
3,185 
* 

3,466 
3,698 
2,372 
2,304 

2,138 
2,216 

3,198 
3,815 


4,564 
8,889 
12,020 
11,899 
10,346* 
11,049 
9,308 
8,140 
7,166 
6,662 
6,182 
5,490* 
6,321 
5,536 
5,179 
4,858 
5,283 
4,857 
4,359* 
4,838 
4,739 
4,587 
4,297 
3,964 
3,731 
3,473* 
4,027 
3,495 
3,439 
3,318 


— * 


3 

3 


3,414 


4 




5 


6,678 
5,974 
5,210 
4,558 
3,806 
3,365* 
3,569 
4,979 
11.183 
14,576 
14,979 
13,453 
9,646* 
9,534 
9,968 
10,950 
11,048 
10,721 
9,642 
8,068* 
8,241 
7,821 
5,832 
5,435 
4,889 
4,075 
3,585* 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 

17 


19 


20 


21 


32 


23 


25 


26 


27 


28 


29 


80 


31 






6,437 


5,141 


9,316 


24,607 


9,591 


2,539; 


2,402 


1,417 


2,054 


2,616 


6,066 


7,303 


1900. 
1 


3,612 

3,276 

3,294 

3,263 

3,277 

3,602 

3,000* 

3,816 

3,556 

3,998 

3,698 

3,218 

3,159 


4,163 
3,349 
3,737 
* 
6,556 
8,140 
7,204 
6,777 
19,351 
11,373 
9,666* 
7,799 
24,539 
11,285 
25,354 
22,593 
19,527 
16,547* 
14,173 
12,825 
11,555 
10,060 
13,310 
10,188 
9,301* 
7,042 
5,390 
5,252 


5,623 
12,924 
10,299 
3,800* 
7,998 
5,932 
9,312 
6,900 
6,738 
7,420 
6,342* 
6,305 
5,563 
5.761 
5,363 
4,411 
4,719 
3,675* 
4,935 
15,344 
11,058 
7,999 
8,324 
9,399 
10,686* 
8,226 
7,541 
7,626 
7,626 
8,014 
9,075 


10,088 

10,413 

11,188 

11,188 

12,267 

15,149 

17,520* 

18,804 

16,633 

14,742 

14,237 

14,362 

13,554 

11,988* 

13,588 

15,918 

22,761 

33,150 

40,131 

42,908 

42,300* 

43,546 

41,940 

38,575 

33,983 

28,578 

25,618 

25,741* 

19,510 


16,713 
15,493 
14,676 
14,593 
12,494 
9,444* 
9,741 
10,924 
9,066 
9,403 
10,716 
8,530 
7,500* 
7,626 
7,750 
9,390 
7,549 
8,241 
7,500 
9,450* 
10,953 
9,141 
8,029 
7,354 
6,345 
5,758 
4,651* 
6,454 
5,333 
4,042 
3,857 


4,288 

4,932 

3,482* 

7,644 

6,793 

6,083 

5,554 

5,329 

5,329 

4,430* 

5,827 

4,759 

4,175 

3,911 

4,033 

4,054 

3,700* 

4,269 

3,617 

2,941 

2,774 

2,968 

3,141 

1,877* 

2,868 

3,210 

3,713 

3,787 

3,361 

2,530 


2,364* 

3,368 

3,368 

3,191 

2,701 

2,382 

2,109 

2,200* 

2,130 

2,007 

1,437 

1,692 

1,342 

2,002 

2,263* 

2,292 

2,185 

2,189 

1,991 

1,580 

1,565 

2,180* 

2,299 

2,271 

2,092 

2,690 

4,082 

3,898 

2,836* 

3,951 

3,248 


2,977 

2,809 

2,464 

2,386 

2,167* 

2,135 

2,266 

2,607 

2,785 

2,752 

2,182 

2,550* 

2,541 

2,691 

3,292 

4,299 

5,773 

4,617 

4,014* 

3,955 

3,151 

2,834 

3,510 

3,351 

1,831 

1,708* 

1,703 

1,814 

2,192 

2,142 

2,278 


2,365 
2,297* 
2,177 
2,519 
2,289 
2,125 
2,031 
1,725 
1,248* 
713 
1,738 
1,916 
1,801 
1,118 
1,433 
1,820* 
2,063 
1,904 
2,087 
2,032 
1,412 
1,581 
1,704* 
1,822 
1,978 
1,953 
2,002 
2,432 
2,145 
2,135 








2 








S 








4 








5 








6. 
















8 








9 








10 








11 








12 








13 








14 








15 


3,067- 
3,158 
3,180 
3,139 
4,668 
16,115 
18,307* 
11,307 
10,176 
9,853 
9,295 
8,449 
6,913 








16 








17 








18 








19 








20 








21 








22 








23 








24 








25 








26 








27 








28 








29 


6,145 

5,808 
4,453 








30 








31 




















5,841 


12,484 


7,740 


22,614 


8,992 


4,093 


2,352 


2,703 


1,886 

















* Sunday. 
See " Hudson River at Fort Edward " in present report. 



51 



Sei\ ft. 
40,000 


JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
!0 20 


AUG 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT 
10 20 


NOV 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 






































































30,000 
96,000 

20,000 
15,000 
10 000 












































































































































































1 


89 


8 












































! 












































1 
































1 


















1 










I 






i 












I!1 








1 


I 


"1 


H 


mm 


vim 











f 






















1 


r 


■"T 


r 


f 


1 


rr 


1 


11 












f 


r 





Fig. No. 21.— Discharge of Hudson River at Mechanlcville, Saratoga County, N. Y., 1898. 



Sec. ft. 
40,000 



35,000 



35,000 



20,000 



15,000 



10,000 



5,000 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 






















a 
















































I 














































































































































































1 


39 


9 


































































































































































































































































































I 







Fig. No. 22.— Discharge of Hudson River at Mechanievilie, Saratoga County, N. Y., 1899. 



52 



Sec. ft. 
40,000 


JAN. 
-10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 

10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 


35,000 
30,000 








N 

■F 










til 

^ H 




















































































































25,000 
20,000 












































































1 






















1 


90 



































15,000 
10,000 

5,000 







i 






































































L 




V 

• 




















































L 


i 


n 


t 










































PI r i 'n n 






J 


J 


u 


r 


^ 








: 



















Fig. No. .23.— Discharge of Hudson River at Mechanicville, Saratoga County, N. Y.,«1900 



Mean Monthly Run-Off of Hudson River at Mechanicville, Saratoga County, N. T. 
[Drainage area, 4,500 square miles.] 



MONTH. 


SECOND-FEET. 


SECOND-FEET 
PER SQUARE MILE. 


INCHES ON 
DRAINAGE AREA. 




1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 




8,173 
6,038 
19,617 
13,047 
10,525 
5,069 
2,751 
5,029 
3,810 
7,516 
8 978 
5,291 


6,437 
5,141 
9,316 
24,607 
9,591 
2,539 
2,402 
1,417 
2,054 
2,616 
6,066 
7,303 


5,841 
12,484 
7,740 
22,614 
8,992 
4,093 
2,352 
2,703 
1,886 


1.81 
1.34 
4.36 
2.90 
2.34 
1.12 
0.61 
1.11 
0.85 
1.67 
1.99 
1.17 


1.43 
1.14 
2.07 
5.47 
2.11 
0.56 
0.53 
0.31 
0.45 
0.58 
1.36 
1.62 


1.30 

2.77 
1.72 
5.02 
2.00 
0.91 
0.52 
0.60 
0.42 


2.08 
1.S9 
5.02 
3.23 
2.69 
1.25 
0.70 
1.28 
0.95 
1.92 
2.22 
1.35 


1.64 
1.18 
2.38 
6.12 
2.43 
0.62 
0.61 
0.35 
0.50 
0.66 
1.56 
1.86 


1.50 




2.88 




1.98 


April ...... 


5.60 




2.30 




1.01 


July 


0.60 




0.69 




0.47 






























19.91 




















- 



53 



INDIAN RIVER AT INDIAN LAKE DAM, HAMILTON 
COUNTY, N. Y. 

Indian river, a tributary of the upper Hudson, contains a pre- 
cipitous forested mountain area of 146 square miles, in eastern 
Hamilton county. In 1898, a masonry storage dam was built at 
the foot of Indian lake, replacing the lumbermen's dam which was 
formerly there, and raising the level of the artificial lake so 
formed 23 feet. The storage capacity of the present lake is 
5,000,000,000 cubic feet. The area of the water surface of the 
lake is 5,035 acres, and the elevation of the spillway crest above 
mean tide is 1,650 feet. The dam was built by a federation of 
water power users on the Hudson river, in co-operation with the 
State of New York, the primary object being to store flood water 
from this drainage area to be turned into the Hudson during the 
low water period of each year, thereby equalizing the flow to some 
extent. Water is also used for sluicing logs during the river 
driving season.* 

Since July 22, 1900, a gauging record has been kept at the dam, 
with a view to determine the total outgo from this reservoir, the 
facts recorded being the elevation of the water surface in the 
reservoir, depth of water flowing over the spillway or flashboards, 
width of opening and head on the main and subsidiary log ways, 
and the width of opening of each of the 5-foot sluice gates, 
together with the effective head on the openings. These facts 
enable a calculation of the outflow from the reservoir to be made, 
and, by comparison with gauging records kept on Hudson river 
at Fort Edward and Mechanicville, the effect of storage on the 
low water flow of the Hudson can be determined. 

A meteorological station has been established at the dam by 
the United States weather bureau, including rainfall, temperature 
and other records. The regimen of flow of Indian river below 
the dam is largely artificial, though in the course of a year or 
more the total annual run-off of the drainage area will appear in 
the stream, and it is hoped in the course of time to determine the 

♦See " Engineering News," May 18, 1S99. 



54 

relation between the rainfall and run-off of what constitutes 
rather a typical Adirondack watershed. 

When the reservoir is full, the excess of inflow passes over the 
spillway, which has a level crest 106.05 feet long in the clear. 
To facilitate the calculation of discharge over this spillway, a 
series of experiments were made at Cornell University, June 6 7 
1899, on a full-sized model of the spillway section, 6.58 feet long, 
from which the proper . coefficients of discharge have been de- 
termined.* 

The discharge through the two 5-foot sluice gates, provided 
as a means for drawing the water down as required, is calculated 
from the observed head and from the area of the lune-shaped gate 
orifices by the ordinary formula, the value of the coefficients of 
discharge to be applied being checked by current meter measure- 
ments made at a convenient bridge below the dam. 

A measurement of the flow at this point on October 19 showed 
the rate of draught from the reservoir to be 451 second-feet, both 
sluice gates being full opened under an effective head of 11 feet. 

A measurement of the Hudson river at Mechanicville, made 
on the afternoon of the following day, October 20, showed the 
total flow at that point to be 1871 second-feet. 

The following table shows the stage of the Indian lake reser- 
voir during the present year, the depth being measured with refer- 
ence to the base of the invert of the 5-foot discharge tunnels. 
The estimated storage capacity of the reservoir at different depths 
is as follows: 



Original Lake 

Lumbermen's dam 

Crest present dam 

Top flashboards present dam 



1,616.17 
1,627 ' 
1,650 
1,651.1 



Area, acres. 



1,000 
3,007 
5,035 



Storage, cubic 
feet. 



800,000,000 
4,468,000,000 
5,000,000,000 



*See Proceedings American Society Civil Engineers, March, 1900, page 



55 



Table No. 11.— Depth of Water in Indian Lake Reeervotr for 1900. 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1 
















29.42 

ay. 17 

28.92 
28.75 
28.58 
28.33 
28.25 
28.08 
27.92 
27.83 
27.67 
27.33 
*7.29 
27.25 
27.21 
27.12 
27.00 
27.00 
27.00 
27.00 
27.00 
27.00 
26.92 
26.75 
26.63 
26.37 
26.17 
26.00 
25.b3 
25.58 
25.33 


25.21 

^5. 01) 
24.83 
24.58 
24.33 
24.17 
23.92 
2:!. 58 
23.29 
22.00 
5:2.71 
22.37 
21.00 
21.63 
21.25 
20.88 
20.50 
20.08 
19.75 
19.42 
19.17 
18.87 
18.54 
18.25 
17.92 
17.58 
17.25 
16.92 
16.67 
16.33 


16.00 
15.75 
15.46 
15.17 
14.87 
14.58 
14.42 
14.08 
13.79 
13.50 
13.21 
12.92 
12.67 
12.42 
12.25 
12.08 
11.83 
11.54 
11.25 
11.82 
10.79 
10.54 
10.33 
10.12 
9.96 
9.79 
9.58 
9.38 
9.17 
8.96 
8.83 
























3 






































5 




























































8 






































10 










::::::: 










11 




















ia 





























































15 


















16 




















17 






































19 


















20 




















21 




















22 














33.50 
33.00 
32.50 
32.1? 
31.92 
31.25 
30.83 
30.42 
30.08 
29.75 






23 




































25 
















26 


















27 


















28 


















29 


















30 


















81... 





































MOHAWK RIVER GAUGINGS. 

Gauging records have been kept on this stream at the follow- 
ing dams and mills: Rome waterworks pumping station at Ridge 
Mills; Little Falls, at the lower dam; Rexford Flats, at New York 
State dam, and at Dunsbach Ferry, at West Troy Co.'s dam. A 
current meter station at Freeman's bridge, below Schenectady, 
has also been maintained. The results obtained from gauging at 
these several stations are described in what follows. 

Gauges have been erected at various points along the Mohawk 
river from Little Falls to its confluence with Hudson river at 
Cohoes. Gauges have been erected above and below each dam, 
and near the points of inflow of the more important tributaries, 
and the positions of the gauge zeroes determined with reference 
to mean tide as a datum. Gauges previously maintained by the 
United States Geological Survey have been used wherever avail- 
able. 

Observers are employed to take simultaneous daily readings of 
the gauges, from which the slope of the water surface for each 
level or division will be determined and the velocity of flow com- 



s 



56 

puted. It is the intention to take cross sections of the stream 
channel in each level at different stages, and to make current- 
meter or other discharge measurements during high-water. 

The regimen of the Mohawk river during the navigation season 
is undoubtedly modified to a large extent by the influence of the 
Erie canal, by which it is paralleled from Kome to Cohoes. The 
water supply of the Erie canal east of the summit level at Rome 
is, with a single exception, derived from the Mohawk river and its 
tributaries. 

State dams and feeders are located as follows: 

Stream. Location. 

Mohawk river Delta, six miles above Rome, Oneida county, N. Y. 

Mohawk river Rome, Oneida county, N. Y. 

Oriskany creek Oriskany, Oneida county, N. Y. 

Mohawk river Little Falls, Herkimer county, N. Y. 

Mohawk river Five Mile Dam or Rocky Rift Dam, Herkimer county, N. Y. 

Schoharie creek Fort Hunter, Montgomery county, N. Y. 

Mohawk river Rexford Flats, Saratoga county, N. Y. 

A large diversion from the watershed at these feeders is in 
some measure counterbalanced by return water to the main 
stream channel from seepage through canal and feeder banks, 
and flow over waste weirs. 

The gauging records at Rexford Fkits and at Little Falls indi- 
cate that the yield of the watershed in second-feet per square mile, 
and frequently also the actual flow in second-feet, is considerably 
less during the navigation season at the former than at the later 
station. The drainage area above Rexford Flats is 3,385 square 
miles, or 2.6 times that at Little Falls, which is 1,306 square 
miles. This fact appears to be confirmed by the other gauging 
records kept on the stream, but the results of these have not yet 
been sufficiently studied to enable a final discussion of the subject 
to be made at this time. The diminished water-yielding capacity 
of the lower Mohawk basin may be attributed in part to the low- 
water of Schoharie creek. The drainage area of Schoharie creek 
is 947 square miles. Weir measurements at Schoharie falls show 
that the flow sometimes falls below 50 second-feet. During prac- 
tically the entire summer no water flows over the crest of the 
State dam at Fort Hunter. The major portion of the flow is di- 
verted to the Erie canal feeder and the remainder leaks through 



57 

the dam. During the present summer, from June to October, 
inclusive, the direct inflow to the Mohawk from this tributary 
did not, with the exception of a few days, exceed 45 second-feet, 
or 0.05 second-foot per square mile. 

MOHAWK RIVER AT RIDGE MILLS, ONEIDA COUNTY, 

N. Y. 

Mohawk river rises in Lewis county and flows southerly 
through Oneida county to Rome, where it turns to the east and 
finally empties into Hudson river at Cohoes. It is shown through 
the greater portion of its length on the Oneida, Oriskany, Utica, 
Little Falls, Fonda, Amsterdam, Schenectady and Cohoes topo- 
graphic sheets of the United States Geological Survey. 

A barrier of rock crosses the river valley at Little Falls, where 
a gorge has been formed with sides 400 feet high. Above Little 
Falls, to a point near Rome, the stream is sluggish and tortuous, 
winding through a flat valley or flood plain from one to two miles 
in width, which is overflowed during high water. 

The station at Ridge Mills is located at the dam of the Rome 
waterworks, 3 miles above Rome. The dam is of rough timber 
with plank facing, having a slightly irregular crest 122.7 feet in 
length, which is divided into several sections to facilitate com- 
putations, using appropriate coefficients of discharge for each 
section. 

During the present season the calculated discharge of the tur- 
bines has been made to depend on current meter measurements, 
instead of on the observed wheel gate openings as formerly. 



DATE. 


Speed of pumps, 
revolutions 
per minute. 


Measured flow- 
in tailrace 
(second-feet). 


19C0. 
May 29 


15 
13 


122 




95 







58 

The discharge of the turbines is sensibly proportional to the 
rate at which the waterworks pumps, which they drive, are run, 
and a straight line diagram has been prepared, using the above 
data, from which the flow through the turbines has been taken. 

A measurement of the leakage of the dam was made in the 
stream channel below, on August 23d, when no water was flowing 
over the crest. The leakage was found to be 20 second-feet, and 
an allowance for this amount has been made in estimating the- 
daily flow. IThe results of other meter measurements at this 
station and vicinity will be found in the general table on page 59. 

The gauging record at Ridge Mills does not include any allow- 
ance for diversion to Black River canal at Delta feeder, 4 miles 
upstream, nor for return water from seepage and waste-weirs. 



Mean Monthly Run-Off of Mohawk River at Ridge Mills, Oneida County, N. Y. 
[Drainage area, 153 square miles.] 



MONTH. 


SECOND-FEET. 


SECOND-FEET 
PER SQUARE MILE. 


INCHES ON 
DRAINAGE AREA. 




1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 






377 
244 
467 
997 
320 
281 
310 
226 
81 
278 
291 
532 


160 
531 
336 
1,062 
126 
180 
160 
140 
198 
212 


2.41 
2.62 
1.40 


2.46 
1.59 
3.05 
6.52 
2.09 
1.84 
2.02 
1.48 
0.53 
1.81 
1.90 
3.47 


1.04 
3.80 
2.19 
6.94 
0.82 
1.17 
1.04 
0.92 
1.30 
1.39 


2.78 
2.92 
1.61 


2.83 
1.65 
3.15 
7.27 
2.41 
2.05 
2.33 
1.70 
0.59 
2.08 
2.12 
4.00 


1 2ft 






3.95 






2 52 


April 




7 74 






0.95 






1 30- 


July 




1.20 






1.06 






1.45 




369 
401 

261 


1.60 






























32.18 























(See Water Supply and Irrigation Paper, U. S. G. S., No. 35, page 45.) 



59 



Table No. 12.— Mean Daily Flow of Mohawk- "River at Tiidgc Mills, Oneida County, X. Y., 
( rttMo /-v. t Per second. 

[Drainage area, 153 square miles.] 



DAV. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


April. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


cOct. 


cNov. 


cDec. 


1898. 




















154 
149 
133 
127 
143 
249 
199 
173 
159 
149 
143 
149 
154 
259 
889 
349 
319 
215 
199 
249 
215 
999 
859 
794 
519 
609 
1,251 
574 
409 
539 
314 


269 
249 

215 
199 
215 
249 
869 
259 
249 
1,134 
2,134 
697 
515 
439 
371 
359 
315 
294 
294 
304 
279 
369 
697 
409 
294 
215 
191 
199 
134 
104 


123 






















144 






















133 






















133 






















169 






















184 






















144 






















169 






















169 






















154 






















184 






















184 






















121 


14 




















136 






















159 






















159 






















154 




















169 






















144 












































342 






















«09 


23 




















974 






















639 


25 




















419 






















344 






















319 






















159 


29 


1 


















219 






















324 






















644 












































369 


401 


261 
























1899. 
1 


c 

316 
243 
296 
298 
2,373 
896 
409 
316 
299 
219 
164 
157 
157 
153 
911 
725 
459 
324 
223 
199 
193 
208 
214 
261 
338 
318 
244 
223 
208 
170 
170 




214 
214 
214 
214 
199 
164 
123 
166 
126 
129 
129 
129 
129 
173 
265 
258 
184 
126 
166 
151 
160 
494 
697 
389 
346 
296 
336 
451 


c 

351 
394 
366 
306 
176 
1,074 
735 
414 
346 
219 
254 
1,174 
1,211 
701 
364 
321 
239 
219 
274 
581 
464 
364 
389 
436 
416 
344 
274 
241 
536 
436 
436 


c 

364 

319 

254 

311 

344 

391 

439 

1,264 

1,034 

686 

799 

1,364 

1,499 

2,181 

1,744 

1,841 

1,364 

1,654 

2,226 

2,034 

1,404 

1,264 

1,139 

959 

766 

614 

549 

439 

354 

319 


• 

321 
319 
239 
204 
176 
151 
102 
94 
129 
138 
344 
414 
296 
361 
214 
161 
889 
361 
549 
614 
436 
319 
274 
239 
219 
204 
199 
386 
1,136 
546 
344 


337 

319. 

279 

259 

214 

232 

232 

262 

259 

279 

249 

282 

282 

302 

402 

399 

359 

339 

282 

279 

262 

259 

299 

259 

259 

259 

249 

249 

249 

229 


262 

252 
232 
249 
202 
127 
262 
322 
669 
499 
379 
359 
339 
339 
319 
399 
319 
899 
382 
339 
302 
382 
299 
282 
275 
262 
289 
165 
133 
178 
178 


218 
233 
248 
131 
146 
131 
126 
121 
125 
129 
139 
169 
265 
245 
275 
295 
230 
230 
245 
245 
265 
295 
272 
280 
262 
269 
309 
309 
278 
315 
200 


85 
85 
85 
95 
89 
85 
99 
115 
135 
112 
85 
79 
79 
56 
56 
56 
60 
69 
69 
53 
53 
79 


93 
203 
233 
253 
200 
310 
290 
260 
290 
310 
340 
260 
310 
260 
310 
240 
220 
290 
290 
290 
240 
260 
260 
310 
540 
220 
310 
340 
360 
260 
260 


515 
515 
345 
295 
365 
295 
265 
295 
295 
245 
315 
295 
265 
265 
265 
265 
295 
295 
265 
245 
245 
265 
265 
265 
295 
265 
265 
265 
205 
205 


22& 


2 


695 


4 


395 
345 


5 


295 


6 


295 


7 


275 


9 


235 
235 


10... 

11 


235 
315 


12 


3,625 


13 


1,155 


14 


510 


15 


455 


18 


365 
295 
295 


19 


1,075 


20 


1,495 


21 


1,095 


22 


315 


23 


315 


25 


345 

ai5 


26 


285 


27 


285 


28 


285 


29 


285- 


30 


75 


31 


75 








377 


241 


467 


997 


320 


281 


310 


226 


81 


27S 


291 


532 



60 



Table No. 12.- 


-Mean Daily Flow of Mohawk River at Ridge Mills, Oneida County 

Feet Per Second — (Concluded). 

[Drainage area, 153 square miles.] 


N. T., 


Cubic 


DAYS. 


Jan.a 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May.b 


June.b 


July.b 


Aug.6 


Sept.b 


Oct.6 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1900. 
1 


270 
270 
270 
290 
310 
310 
340 
1,115 
475 
530 
475 
420 
415 
305 
305 
265 
265 
345 
365 
1,365 
1,535 
875 
655 
285 
365 
480 
285 
265 
270 
270 
270 


200 
132 
100 
180 
100 
248 
128 
125 
1,628 
1,128 
854 
738 
3,162 
1,928 
1,058 
618 
578 
284 
202 
188 
198 
288 
803 
714 
268 
172 
202 
132 


784 
815 
750 
630 
280 
224 
354 
359 
320 
300 
280 
219 
254 
254 
219 
164 
149 
159 
169 
544 
590 
59 1 
594 
370 
164 
160 
164 
160 
161 
116 
112 


810 

1,080 

1,245 

1,135 

1,065 

1,245 

2,205 

1,845 

1,070 

740 

680 

930 

930 

835 

900 

1,485 

1,685 

3,375 

1,805 

935 

930 

1,235 

930 

675 

555 

365 

365 

315 

275 

225 


130 
130 
130 
130 
130 
130 
130 
130 
130 
130 
130 
125 
10j 
100 
100 
105 
210 
210 
147 
147 
130 
130 
112 
105 
105 
105 
105 
105 
110 
105 
105 


168 
216 
285 
230 
180 
168 
215 
180 
230 
230 
185 
180 
180 
215 
165 
155 
158 
180 
165 
170 
170 
165 
185 
205 
140 
145 
123 
180 
130 
. 124 


125 
115 
105 
105 
160 
158 
175 
170 
112 
110 
120 
150 
137 
130 
100 
100 
160 
140 
163 
165 
250 
185 
125 
132 
515 
270 
198 
175 
180 
107 
117 


104 

120 

120 

92 

90 

104 

84 

84 

107 

100 

88 

154 

365 

458 

364 

88 

84 

hO 

84 

92 

98 

124 

97 

84 

165 

165 

120 

185 

125 

124 

179 


155 
115 
109 
105 
112 
112 
112 
104 
85 
100 
100 
107 
92 
95 
115 
115 
215 
325 
118 
179 
625 
615 
415 
435 
395 
205 
175 
127 
185 
205 


175 

185 

165 

113 

115 

113 

115 

111 

113 

127 

118 

118 

. 109 

102 

395 

395' 

395 

109 

90 

90 

95 

95 

95 

895 

415 

395 

410 

395 

345 

95 

95 






2 






3 






4 












6 






7 






8 






9 






10 






11 






12 






13 




14 






15 












17 












19 






20 




21 






22... 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31...... 














160 


581 


336 


1,062 


126 


180 


160 


140 


198 


212 













a Record doubtful, owing to ice on crest of dam. b Record doubtful; flashboards changed fre- 
quently. 



Sec. ft. 
3,200 



2,800 



2,000 



1,600 



1,200 



800 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 

10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 

10 20 


AUG. 

10 20 


SEPT. 

10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 






























































































































































































































































1 


8S 


8 


































































































































































j 












, 


























































1 






1 


I 






























































WBm* 



Fig. No. 24.— Discharge of Mohawk River at Ridge Mills, Oneida County, N. Y., 1898. 



01 



so. ft. 


JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 


2.S0O - 




























































EM 
K, 















































































. 








































1 600 


















1 














1 


89 


9 












































i 


1 














































800 












i 






























■a 
























1 








1 




1 
















* 












o 
o 

V 

o 

z 






















1 


\iWm? 1 


yl 


u 


A 


1 


III 


k 




m 










f 


inn 


1 


1 


l 





Fig. No. 25.— Discharge of Mohawk River at Ridge Mills, Oneida County, N. Y., 1899. 



Sec. ft. 
3,200 



2,800 



2,400 



2,000 



1,600 



1,200 



400 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 




















-■ 


































































































































































































































1 


90 














































































































































































































































































































Pio. No. 26.— Discharge of Mohawk River at Ridge Mills, Oneida County, N. Y., 1900. 



62 



MOHAWK EIVER AT LITTLE FALLS, HERKIMER 
COUNTY, N. Y. 

This gauging station is located at the lower, or Gilbert's dam, 
at Little Falls. 

The dam is of masonry, having the form of a circular arc in 
plan, and furnishes power for the Astoronga Knitting Mill and the 
Little Falls Paper Company's mills. Jn the Astoronga Knitting 
Mill there are installed two turbines, one 43 inches and the other 
54 inches in diameter, built by T. H. Risdon & Co., Mount Holly, 
N. J. In the Little Falls Paper Company's mill are three Camden 
turbines, and one 60-inch Day turbine, built in Little Falls. 

Current meter measurements have been made to check the cal- 
culated flows with very satisfactory results. 

October 20-21, 1898, at suspension bridge, two miles below Little Falls. 

Y. D. Lockwood, hydrographer. Second-feet. 

Total flow by current meter 1 ,758 

Computed flow (mean of two days) , 1 ,733 

May 1, 1900, at suspension bridge. K. E. Horton, hydrographer. 

Total flow by current meter 4,773 

Second-feet. 

Computed flow over dam 4,060 

Computed diversion to Gilbert's mill ; 183 

Computed diversion to paper mill 556 

Total computed flow 4,799 

May 23, 1900. at Astoronga bridge, Little Falls. E. E. Horton, hydrographer. 

Total flow by current meter 1,567 

Second-feet. 

Computed flow over dam , 950 

Computed diversion to Gilbert's mill 176 

Computed diversion to paper mill .- 405 

Total computed flow 1,531 

Diversion to paper mill, September 19. 1900. 

Metered flow in headrace .' 302 

Computed flow through turbines, etc 288 

There are three dams at Little Falls. The lower two are used for 
water power development. The upper one is a State dam, divert- 
ing water for the supply of Erie canal. The gauge record as kept 
at the lower dam shows the amount of water flowing down stream 
from Little Falls, but does not include diversion at the State dam 
above the gauging station, and hence does not represent the total 
yield or inflow from the tributary drainage area of 1,306 square 
miles. 

Current meter measurements have been made in the feeder chan- 
nel blow the State dam, as follows: 



03 



1900. 
May 23 

September 19 



Measured 

diversion 

(second-feet). 



143 

179 



Adding these amounts to the mean daily flow at Gilbert's dam, 
for the same dates, we obtain the following: 



1900. 
May 23. 

■September 19. 



Total Inflow 
at Little Falls 
(second-feet). 



1,596 
693 



Outflow la 
main channel 
(second-feet). 



1,453 
514 



Water is again diverted to the canal at Five Mile dam below 
Little Falls. The measured flow in this feeder at Lansing's farm 
bridge, November 3 ; 1900, was 236 second-feet. | 

High-water occurred at Little Falls as follows: 



April 15, 1899. 
April 20, 1900. 



Depth on 
crest (feet). 



7.33 

8.21 



Flow in 
second-feet. 



13,000 
15,240 



Flow in 

second-feet 

per square mile. 



10.0 
11.7 



The most notable low-water period was August 3d to August 
10th, inclusive, 1899, the mean flow for nine days being but 120 
-«econd-feet, or 0.07 second-foot per square mile. 



(See Water Supply and Irrigation Paper, U. S. G. S., No. 35, page 51.) 



64 



Table 13.— Mean Daily Flow of Mohaivk River at Little Falls, Herkimer County, N. Y., Lower 
Dam, Cubic Feet Per Second. 

[Drainage area, 1,306 miles.] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1898. 
1 




















1,121 

916* 

849 

895 

2,083 

1,627 

1,558 

1,179 

916* 

900 

867 

915 

.1,028 

1,040 

5,490 

5,026* 

3,081 

2,265 

1,699 

1,745 

1,722 

2,646 

4,096* 

4,839 

3,240 

2,574 

6,290 

6,183 

5,121 

3,246* 

2,628 


2,261 

1,880 

1,790 

1,560 

1,345 

1,501* 

1,946 

2,040 

1,700 

4,420 

9,433 

7,925 

6,728* 

5,245 

3,520 

2,891 

2,370 

2,220 

2,399 

2,878* 

2,771 

2,361 

2,794 

2,694 

2,538 

1,950 

1,473* 

1,137 

1,412 

1,562 


1,499 


2 




















1,547 


3 




















1,451 


4 




















1,173* 


















' 




1,553 


6 




















1,763" 






















1,639 






















1,269 


.9 




















969 






















1,462 






















1,508* 






















1,709 






















1,409* 






















1,259 






















1,309 






















1,259 


17 




















1,434 


18 




















1,173* 






















1,499 


20 




















1,499 


21 




















1,834 


22 




















2,909 


23 


















1,125 

3,484 

4,093* 

2,718 

2,445 

2,220 

1,615 

1,320 


4,734 






















25 


















4,708* 


26 


















3,759 


27 


















2,209 
1,899 


28 


















29 


















1,499 


30 


















1,929 


31 


















3,979 










































2,378 


2,493 


2,891 


2,036 




















1899. 
1 


2,854* 

1,796 

1,846 

1,936 

6,821 

7,440 

5,886 

4,269* 

4,377 

2,529 

1,467 

1,378 

1,298 

1,992 

4,104* 

4,848 

4,703 

4,279 

1,509 

1,608 

1,687 

1,794* 

1,885 

1,859 

2,284 

2,060 

1,813 

1,175 

1,574* 

1,154 

1,126 


941 

906 

861 

884 

646* 

1,063 

983 

983 

846 

803 

871 

789* 

983 

903 

1,222 

1,333 

748 

1,326 

669* 

1,248 

1,523 

2,598 

4,506 

4,001 

3,664 

1,456* 

2,376 

3,201 


3,258 

3,154 

2,304 

2,298 

3,408* 

5,544 

5,544 

5,154 

4,534 

3,054 

2,572 

3,967* 

6,614 

6,529 

6,304 

6,354 

2,129 

2,254 

3,195* 

3,658 

2,704 

3,429 

3,494 

3,694 

3,824 

3,258* 

2,829 

2,345 

2,514 

3,029 

3,029 


3,041 
2,519* 
2,329 
2,536 
2,387 
4,297 
4,637 
7,212 
6,759* 
7,079 
6,729 
7,979 
9,644 
12,484 
12,502 
12,649* 
11,339 
10,716 
10,869 
11,638 
12,159 
10,878 
10,409* 
10,920 
9,870 
8,990 
9,180 
7,880 
7,139 
6,299* 


6,360 

6,708 

5,619 

3,925 

2,905 

2,339 

1,560* 

1,801 

1,571 

1,470 

1,469 

1,846 

2,273 

1,930* 

2,212 

1,746 

1,896 

2,492 

2,843 

3,742 

3,650* 

3,143 

2,172 

1,696 

1,470 

1,309 

1,290 

1,680* 

2,323 

3,827 

2,903 


1,957 

1,610 

1,321 

1,075* 

1,466 

1,216 

1,016 

1,062 

962 

764 

1,176* 

660 

660 

685 

960 

1,860 

1,800 

965* 

568 

1,010 

1,105 

985 

866 

745 

■851* 

759 

634 

585 

560 

535 


569 

493* 

359 

424 

490 

663 

627 

651 

1,660* 

2,593 

1,800 

1,320 

1,222 

941 

884 

643* 

1,315 

1,211 

1,086 

1,008 

767 

95 

363* 

496 

496 

516 

496 

510 

460 

.50* 

697 


506 

506 
135 
136 
166 
000* 
133 
131 
131 
130 
316 
383 
000* 
329 
352 
351 
244 
251 
216 
65* 
158 
223 
235 
203 
203 
246 
136* 
348 
188 
219 
277 


278 
271 
30* 
396 
545 
382 
272 
275 
211 

273 
270 
270 
211 
230 
184 

55* 
278 
267 
281 
220 
249 
129 

55* 
238 
225 
556 
920 
642 
723 


704* 
651 
651 
491 
534 
399 
240 
160* 
357 
297 
274 
305 
274 
258 
196* 
354 
339 
344 
339 
355 
331 
142* 
350 
401 
392 
369 
387 
814 
1,398* 
2,293 
1,882 


2,829 

6,600 

4,738 

3,081 

3,262* 

2,847 

1,908 

1,718 

1,628 

1,451 

717 

1,112* 

1,526 

1,448 

1,150 

1,069 

1,120 

1,037 

984* 

1,070 

1,120 

1,145 

1,066 

987 

900 

829* 

822 

969 

969 

886 


2,096 
1,709 


2 


8 


1,962* 


4 


2,175 


5 


2,097 
1,668 


6 


7 


1,468 
1,588 


8 




1,630 


10 


1,016* 
2,779 


11 


12 


6,704 ' 


13 


10,996 
8,435 
7,367 


14 


15 


16.. 


3,500 
1,326* 


17 


19 


1,692 
4,812 
8,540 
7,216 
5,822 
5,147 


20 


21 


23 


24 


1,753* 


25 


2,186* 


27 


1,877 
1,571 


28 


1,641 


29 


1,390 


31 


1,049 
932* 








2,753 


1,510 


3,757 


8,102 


2,651 


1,014 


803 


223 


298 


509 


1,699 


3,360 



G5 



Table No. 13.— Wean Daily Flow of Mohawk River at Little falls, Herkimer County, N. Y., 

Lower Dam, Cubic Feel Per Second— (Concluded). 

[Drainage area, 1,306 square miles.] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1900 


595 

961 

1,040 

1,040 

608 

578 

180* 

1,593 

1,966 

1,921 
1,77a 

1,726 
1,576 
1,731* 
1,636 
1,496 
1,455 
1,455 
1,592 
4,302 
7,291* 
7,194 
7,786 
6,150 
4,740 
4,670 
4,242 
1,528* 
3,176 
1,772 
1,496 


1,594 
1,372 
1,251 

421* 
1,457 
1,683 
1,594 
1,814 
4,712 
5,053 
3,449* 
5,305 
10,192 
11,128 
11,642 
8,292 
8,961 
3,671* 
3,678 
2,334 
1,968 
2,386 
4,303 
3,614 
1,681* 
1,592 
1,456 
1,541 


1,454 
1,496 

1,539 

1,001* 

3,228 

2,013 

1,967 

2,125 

2,228 

2.250 

1,889* 

2,013 

1,818 

1,875 

1,818 

1,726 

1,696 

1,380* 

1,496 

1,967 

3,345 

3,740 

3,740 

4,135 

3,720* 

3,405 

3,030 

8,030 

3,150 

4,233 

5,024 


5,785* 
8,497 
10,124 
9,162 
8,114 
7,936 
9,998 
10,065* 
8,587 
6,660 
5,053 
4,533 
4,304 
4,202 
4,607* 
5,672 
7,261 
11,128 
13,542 
15,242 
15,032 
11,275* 
10,624 
9,437 
8,497 
7,282 
6,921 
5.490 
4,559* 
4,672 


4,673 
4 510 
4,362 
4,014 
3,774 
2,443* 
1,658 
1,698 
2,304 
2,591 
2,595 
2,330 
2,132* 
1,462 
1,859 
1,732 
1,927 
1,778 
1,882 
1,745* 
1,732 
1,637 
1,453 
1,453 
1,165 
1,085 
1,014* 
751 
751 
723 
733 


645 

761 

1,119* 

1,846 

1,174 

1,014 

760 

1,214 

1,643 

1,283* 

1,134 

1,134 

864 

864 

896 

801 

555* 

702 

599 

561 

650 

579 

437 

72* 

474 

390 

474 

474 

674 

740 


395* 

1,053 

1,804 

311 

614 

505 

788 

625* 

1,048 

876 

754 

754 

694 

666 

545* 

668 

724 

826 

754 

794 

1,170 

1,430* 

1,088 

696 

1,424 

2,109 

1,898 

1,384 

1,262* 

874 

696 


481 
509 
515 
839 
93* 
284 
274 
195 
374 
452 
153 
181* 
365 
2,041 
2,370 
1,434 
1,084 
874 
745* 
651 
494 
494 
499 
475 
527 
795* 
689 
657 
1,255 
959 
721 


629 
545* 
455 
503 
503 
503 
629 
228 
326* 
394 
326 
200 
483 
515 
377 
461* 
515 
713 
501 
492 
599 
1,777 
1,380* 
953 
1,034 
915 
819 
914 
652 
668* 


667 

849 

881 

499 

491 

493 

282* 

449 

665 

747 

747 

499 

598 

459* 

691 

1,231 

1,033 

983 

881 

785 

622* 

564 

643 

1,114 

2,137 

1,884 

1,470 

1,356* 

1,633 

1,322 

1,192 






2 






3 






4 












6 






7 






8 






9 






10 












13 






13 






14 






15 




16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 












2,523 


3,863 


2,469 


8,142 


3,063 


801 


943 


694 


630 


899 













* Sundays. a Approximate, record Incomplete. 



Sec. ft. 
16,000 



14,000 



12,000 



10,000 



3,000 



«,000 



4,000 



3,000 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 

10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
I0 2O 
























































































































































































































































1 


B9 


8 




























































































































































i 


1 








1 






















































1 


i 




1 


| 


1 


























































I 


f 




\ 


1 


1 



Fig. No. 27.— Discharge of Mohawk River at Little Falls, Herkimer County, N. Y., 1898. 



(>r> 




IdU L-I-.LA— 1. 
Fig. No. 28.— Discharge of Mohawk River at Little Falls, Herkimer County, N. Y., 1899. 



Sec. ft. 
16,000 



14,000 



12,000 



10,000 



B.000 



6,000 



2,000 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20' 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 




































































































































































































































I 
















1 


90 



















































1 






























































,| 


u 


i 


















































J 




| 












i 














































il 






i 


1 


1 


1 




r 






m 


i 


k, 


u 


k 


II 


i 


U 


i 


j 



























Fig. No. 29.— Discharge of Mohawk River at Little Falls, Herkimer County, N. Y., 1900. 



67 



Mean Monthly Run-Off of Mohawk River at Little Fulls, Herkimer County, v > 

[Drainage area, 1.S06 square miles.] 



MONTH. 


SECOND-FEET. 


SECOND-FEET 
PER SQUARE MILE. 


INCHES ON 
DRAINAGE AREA. 




1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 






2,753 

1,510 

3,757 

8,102 

2,651 

1,014 

803 

223 

298 

509 

1,699 

3,360 


2,523 

3,862 

2,469 

8,142 

2,063 

801 

943 

694 

630 

899 


1.84 

1.91 
2.21 
1.56 


2.11 
1.15 
2.88 
6.20 
2.03 
0.78 
0.61 
0.17 
0.23 
0.39 
1.30 
2.57 


1.93 
2 96 
1.89 
6.23 
1.58 
0.61 
72 
0.53 
0.48 
0.69 


2.05 

2.20 
2.46 
1.74 


2.35 
1.19 
3.32 
6.92 
2.34 
0.87 
0.70 
0.19 
0.25 
0.45 
1.45 
2.96 


2 22 






3 08 








April 










1 82 






68 


July 




83 






0.61 




2,378 
2,493 
2,891 
2,036 






79 




79 



















































MOHAWK RIVER AT SCHENECTADY, SCHENECTADY 

COUNTY, N. Y. 

A current meter station at Freeman's toll bridge, near Schenec- 
tady, was established by Prof. Elton D. Walker of Union College, 
February 1, 1899, and remained under his direction until October 
1, 1900. 

The channel of the river is approximately straight, and of uni- 
form width for 600 feet above and for ^ mile below the site of the 
gauging station. The section is obstructed by three piers and crib 
foundations, but is otherwise good. During times of freshet, the 
water is backed up by the piers, producing a perceptible difference 
of elevation of the water surface on the upstream and downstream 
sides of the bridge. Measurements are made from the upstream 
side. 

The swiftest current is through the southeast span. The right 
bank is low and liable to overflow, but the road running to the 
northwest prevents the overflow from passing around the bridge, 
except during unusually high water. The left bank is high, being 
the tow path of the Erie canal, and is not liable to overflow except 
as the result of an extremely high freshet occuring at the time of 
an ice jam in the river below. 

Current meter measurements were made by Prof. Walker as 
follows: 



68 



April 3, 1899 
May 26, 1899 
June 30, 1899 
May 12, 1900 
July 17, 1900 
August 21, 1900 



Gauge height 


Discharge 


(feet). 


(second-feet). 


7.18 


5,294 


6.22 


2,092 


5.38 


482 


6.50 


4,135 


5.26 


667 


5.40 


976 



A rating curve for 'the cross-section at this station has not yet 
been prepared. 

(See Water Supply and Irrigation Paper, U. S. G. _S., No. 35, page 55.) 



Table No. 14.- 


—Daily Gauge Height of Mohawk River at Schenectady 
for 1899. 


Schenectady County 


, N. T„ 


DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1.... 




6.60 
6.30 
6.10 
6.10 
6.10 
6.70 
6.10 
6.10 
6.20 
6.30 
6.10 
5.90 
5.90 
5.90 
5.95 
6.00 
6.00 
6.00 
6.00 
6.15 
6.30 
6.85 
8.85 
8.84 
8.00 
7.70 
7.35 
8.10 


8.15 
8.05 
7.50 
7.20 
8.00 
13.80 
10.92 
9.00 
8.80 
8.20 
7.85 
7.65 
11.82 
10.15 
9.40 
8.70 
8.60 
7.70 
7.30 
8.40 
8.50 
7.90 
7.65 
7.75 
7.95 
7.70 
7.80 
7.25 
7.10 
7.75 
7.23 


7.45 

7.60 

7.40 

7.10 

7.80 

8.42 

9.52 

10.15 

11.12 

9.80 

9.30 

10.90 

11.80 

12.92 

13.50 

12.88 

11.55 

11.25 

11.20 

11.50 

11.55 

11.10 

10.70 

10.60 

10.60 

10.45 

10.40 

10.00 

9.45 

8.85 


8.60 
8.45 
8.75 
7.95 
7.40 
7.00 
6.70 
6.55 
6.45 
6.25 
6.20 
6.20 
6.45 
6.50 
6.60 
6.55 
6.40 
6.58 
6.80 
6.98 
7.35 
7.25 
6.95 
6.58 
6.35 
6.22 
6.10 
6.05 
6.20 
6.70 
7.00 


5.50 
5.45 
5.43 
5.40 
5.38 
5.30 
5.28 
5.33 
5.30 
5.70 
5.72 
5.53 
5.43 
5.45 
5.90 
5.55 
5.45 
5.40 
5.40 
5.38 
5.33 
5.38 
5.35 


5.33 

5.30 
5.30 
5.30 
5.23 
5.23 
5.22 
5.30 
5.33 
5.78 
6.10 
5.98 
5.70 
5.50 
5.48 
5.45 
5.40 
5.70 
5.68 
5.55 
5.45 
5.45 
5.30 
5.25 
5.23 
5.20 
5.20 
5.20 
5.20 
5.32 
5.15 


5.20 
5.18 
5.35 
5.35 
5.40 
5.38 
5.20 
5.20 
5.15 
5.15 
5.15 
5.18 
5.20 
5.20 
5.15 
5.12 
5.10 
5.12 
5.05 
5.12 
5.10 
5.08 
5.05 
5.10 
5.10 
5.08 
5.10 
5.12 
5.05 
5.10 
5.10 


5.10 
5.17 

5.15 
5.17 
5.20 
5.18 
5.15 
5.20 
5.20 
5.12 
5.10 
5.10 
5.08 
5.05 
5.05 
5.05 
5.00 
5.03 
5.00 
5.10 
5.10 
5.10 
5.10 
5.10 
5.08 
6.54 
8.05 
6.35 
5.90 
5.75 


5.22 

5.70 






2 
















4 










5 




















7.............. 




















9 




















11 










12 










13 










14 










15 




















17 










18 






























21 




















23 






























26 




















28 










29 










30 












31 

























69 



Table No. 15. — Daily Gauge Height of Mohawk River at Schenectady, Schenectady County, N. Y. 

for 1900. 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 












7.40 
7.40 
7.10 
6.90 
6.80 
6.65 
6.45 
6.20 
6.45 
6.70 
6.70 
6.50 
6.25 
6.10 
6.05 
6.00 
6.05 
6.00 
5.95 
6.05 
6.50 
6.20 
6.10 
5.95 
5.90 
5.75 
5.70 
5.55 
5.50 
5.45 
5.50 


5.50 
5.50 
5.50 
5.75 
5.65 
5.55 
5.60 
5.40 
5.60 
6.45 
6.00 
5.75 
5.60 
5.55 
5.50 
5.50 
5.45 
5.42 
5.35 
5.22 
5.25 
5.25 
5.35 
5.22 
5.20 
5.20 
5.18 
5.20 
5.22 
5.20 


5.22 
5.20 
5.22 
5.18 
5.15 
5.20 
5.20 
5.20 
5.25 
5.35 
5.40 
5.35 
5.32 
5.30 
5.30 
5.28 
5.29 
5.20 
5.23 
5.35 
5.35 
5.40 
5.70 
5.58 
5.43 
5.38 
6.15 
6.05 
5.72 
5.55 
5.50 


5.38 
5.35 
5.25 
5.23 
5.25 
5.20 
5.15 
5.18 
5.10 
5.08 
5.10 
5.10 
5.10 
5.15 
5.25 
6.25 
5.90 
5.80 
5.62 
5.45 
5.40 
5.32 
5.25 
5.20 
5.25 
5.28 
5.22 
5.20 
5.25 
5.20 
5.45 


5.35 
5.25 
5.22 
5.20 
5.10 
5.15 
5.22 
5.15 
5.18 
5.05 
5.10 
5,15 
5.10 
5.10 
5.08 
5.10 
5.05 
5.08 
5.00 
5.05 
5.08 
5.10 
5.10 
5.70 
5.53 
5.45 
5.35 
5.22 
5.28 
5.22 


5.20 
5.25 
5.20 
5.25 
5.20 
5.20 
5.02 
5.10 
5.18 
5.10 
5.10 
5.18 
5.15 
5.25 
5.15 
5.18 
5.20 
5.20 
5.42 
5.35 
5.20 
5.20 
5.18 
5.20 
5.28 
6.15 
6.00 
5.70 
5.65 
5.75 
5.65 


5.55 
5.60 
5.58 
5.50 
5.45 
6.42 
5.35 
5.88 
6.40 
7.05 
6.60 
6.15 
5.85 
5.80 
5.75 
5.70 
5.65 




2 












3 




































6 
























8 








11.15 

10.05 

8.85 

8.18 

7.90 

8.25 

8.15 

7.80 

8.10 

8.50 

10.65 

12.05 

11.90 

11.68 

10.85 

11.65 

11.90 

10.05 

9.35 

8.60 

8.25 

7.72 

7.45 




9 










10 










11 










12 










13 










14 










15 










16 










17 










18 










19 












20 












21 












22 












23 






















25 












26 












27 












28 












29 












30 










31 



























MOHAWK RIVER AT REXFORD FLATS, SARATOGA 

COUNTY, N. Y. 

This station is located at the New York State feeder dam, 4 
miles below Schenectady. The dam is built of masonry, with a 
timber apron. The profile of the crest is irregular, and to facili- 
tate computation, it has been divided into five sections. 

The accompanying tables of daily and monthly mean flow in- 
clude the amount diverted to the Erie canal. They therefore 
represent the total inflow of the Mohawk river at this point, which 
is considerably greater than the amount which passes down 
stream from the dam during the season of canal navigation. The 
amount of diversion to the Erie canal, prior to 1900, was assumed 
to be constantly equal to 128 second-feet. During the present 
year, a different method of estimating diversion to the canal has 
been pursued. ,Current meter measurements in the Rexford Flats 
feeder gave the following results: 



DATE. 


Hydrographer. 


Flow In 
canal feeder 
(second-feet). 


October 27, 1898 




128 


June 25, 1900 - 




272 











70 



These results were compared with the mean rate of evaporation 
from a water surface, as determined for several years at Roches- 
ter,* and it was found that an apparently constant relation existed 
between the two. The probable diversion for the remaining 
months of the canal season has been taken in proportion to the 
observed evaporation as follows: 



MONTH 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September , 

October 



Second-feet. 



200 
260 
290 
270 
220 
148 



The flow over the dam taken alone, that is, the amount of water 
passing down stream from Rexford Flats, compares with the total 
flow as follows: 



1900. 

May 

June 

July , 

August 
September 



Total inflow 
(second-feet). 



2,857 
1,503 
1,447 
1,746 
981 



Flow below 
dam equals in- 
flow less 
diversion 

(second-feet). 



2,657 
2,243 
1,157 
1,476 
761 



The water did not fall below the crest of the Rexford Flats 
dam during the present summer, so as to permit measurements of 
the leakage to be made, or a new profile of the crest, which is 
greatly needed, to be obtained. During high-water for several 
days of the present year, the water on the downstream side of the 
dam rose above the crest-level, so that the dam was completely 
submerged. Experiments on flow over a similar drowned weir 
are not available, and the high-water flows have been taken from 
the usual discharge curve. On the morning of February 14, 1900, 
the water attained a depth of 9.25 feet on the crest of the Rexford 
Flats dam, corresponding to a discharge of 55,700 second-feet, or 
16.5 second-feet per square mile. This is the highest water ob- 
served since 'the record was started. 



*See Annual Reports Executive Board of the City of Rochester, 1892 to 1899, inclusive. 
See Water Supply and Irrigation Paper, U. S. G. S., No. 35, page 57. 




Fig. No. 30.— N. Y. State dam on Mohawk River at Rexford Flats, Saratoga County, 

N. Y. 



71 



Table No. 16. — Wean Daily /•'/.>»• of Mohawk River at Rexford Flats, Cubic Feet Per Second. 
[Drainage area, 3,385 square miles.] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1898. 























































































































































:::*... .:::::: 










































5,050 
5,050 
5,0?0 




































































5,450 
4,200 
3,625 
5,250 
4,950 





















































































































3,250 
2,450 
2,300 
2,675 
2,550 


























































































































2,300 
2,850 
5,150 










































































11,550 


25 
























9,350 
7,350 
4,450 


26 








































































4,900 
3,350 
2,400 
1,800 


























































































































4,471 




























1899. 
1 


9,000 
4,850 
3,350 
3,600 
9,350 
16,850 
12,550 
9,350 
7,925 
4,850 
4,250 
3,600 
2,850 
3,825 
4,650 
5,400 
8,750 
9,200 
5,400 
4,475 
2,850 
2,850 
2,750 
3,050 
3,450 
4,300 
4,475 
4,950 
4,750 
5,575 
4.850 


2,950 
3,460 
4,350 
3,950 
3,950 
4,550 
3.350 
2,700 
2,600 
2,400 
2,100 
3,850 
3,350 
4,750 


6,300 
5,750 
5,170 
4,650 
6,920 
25,700 
15,110 
9,770 
8,450 
8,350 
7,000 
9,160 
20,670 
14. nm 


5,850 
6,350 
5,350 
5,270 
7,880 
10,510 
14,050 
18.330 
21,770 
13,340 
15.590 
18.600 
24,040 
29,550 
30,630 
29,350 
22,000 
20.550 
20,350 
21,150 
21,628 
19,228 
17,878 
17.878 
17,878 
17,028 
16,428 
16,428 
15,668 
11,148 


9,828 
8,828 
8,428 
8,528 
5,828 
5,178 
2,628 
2,328 
2,328 
2,178 
2,178 
2,428 
2,328 
2,078 
1,828 
2,428 
1,978 
1,778 
1,678 
4,778 
6,028 
6,828 
6,728 
5,428 
4,928 
4,378 
3,128 
2,228 
1,828 
2,778 
2,778 


2,288 
2,28* 
2,1 .a 
2,078 
2,078 
1,538 
1,538 
1,538 
1.378 
1,378 
1,128 
1,128 
928 
928 
1,038 
1,038 
2,928 
3,528 
4,628 
5.128 
2,628 
3,228 
2,168 
2,168 
2,078 
1,538 
1,538 
1,538 
1,428 
1,538 


928 
928 
679 
608 
608 
608 
438 
438 
608 
528 
438 
438 
378 
328 
328 
328 
758 
928 
678 
678 
438 
328 
328 
308 
288 
288 
328 
438 
328 
378 
338 


328 

3<!8 
438 
438 
528 
608 
328 
278 
278 
278 
278 
278 
878 
278 
278 
278 
278 
278 
228 
228 
228 
228 
228 
228 
228 
278 
278 
238 
208 
208 
208 


228 
228 
228 
228 
228 
228 
228 
228 
228 
228 
228 
228 
228 
228 
228 
278 
278 
278 
278 
278 
278 
278 
278 
278 
278 
3,228 
9,178 
6,328 
1,678 
2,778 


2,728 
2,928 
2,928 
2,628 
2,628 
2,628 
2,478 
2,328 
2,178 
1,428 
728 
728 
728 
728 
1,228 
1,578 
1,828 
1,928 
1,428 
1,348 
1,348 
1,348 
1,228 
1,148 
1,128 
1,028 
828 
728 
1,228 
1,348 
1,348 


1,368 
1,368 
2,928 
5,028 
6,523 
6,528 
8,623 
9,028 
7,928 
4,828 
2,778 
2,178 
1,578 
1,928 
a, 078 
1,578 
1,868 
1,368 
1,128 
1,128 
1,228 
1,478 
1,578 
1,578 
1,468 
1,368 
1,128 
1,128 
1,128 
1,368 


1,328 


2 


1,328 


3 


3,208 
2,448 
2,628 


4 


5 


7 


2,908 
3,578 
4,548 
6,078 
8,328 


8 


9 




11 


8,958 


12 


10,028 


13 


10,828 


14 


15,828 
21,358 


15 


4,650 10.950 


16 


3,850 
3,460 
2,700 
2,400 
2,400 
2,250 
2,600 
5,450 
10.150 
5,750 
5,550 
4,650 
7,000 


10,050 
8,350 
5,750 
5,470 
8,250 
13,560 
12,600 
11,400 
6,460 
7,050 
6,740 
5,370 
4,750 
4,650 
5,560 
5,170 


24,228 


17 

18 


19,128 
13,128 


19 


8,128 


20 


10,228 


21 


6,328 


22 


4,928 


23 


4,578 


24 


4,578 


35 

26 


2,428 
2,928 


27 


2,928 


29 


2,828 
2,628 


80 


2,428 


31 


2,228 








5,739 


3,935 


9,004 


17,057 


4,084 


2,014 


498 


294 


980 


1,608 


2,824 


7.001 



72 



Table No. 16. — Mean Daily Flow of Mohawk River at Re.vford Flats, Cubic Feet Per Secorid.- 

(Concluded). 

[Drainage area, 3,385 square miles.] 



2,030 
1,500 
1,500 
1,260 
1 ,260 
1,500 
1.860 
2,250 
2,550 
2,550 
1,860 
1,610 
1,500 
1,500 
1,860 
2,700 
3,830 
6,500 
10,730 
21,850 
45,750 
27,850 
28,450 
21,750 
13,300 
9,250 
6,100 
5,150 
5,150 
4,450 
4,250 



7,860 9,032 



2,850 
1,860 
2,030 
3,830 
4,450 
4,950 
5,550 
7,150 
7,250 
7,950 
10.730 
13.050 
27,250 
45,050 
24,850 
14,850 
9,650 
5,750 
3,150 
2,470 
3.830 
5,150 
6,690 
8,750 
7,850 
6,150 
5,150 
4,650 



4,650 
4,650 
4,450 
4,450 
4,450 
4,800 
3,325 
3,000 
2,250 
2,250 
1,860 
1,610 
1,500 
1,500 
1,370 
1,260 
1,160 
1,160 
1,750 
3,150 
3,950 
4,800 
4,800 
5,150 
5,950 
6,900 
7,700 
7,700 
8,430 
8,550 
8,750 



Apr. 



8,750 
9,400 
11,150 
11,400 
12,850 
13,550 
13,850 
14,650 
15.070 
15,950 
17,150 
18,300 
15,650 
13.850 
9,390 
9,000 
12,350 
20,750 
27,450 
25,550 
26,250 
28,370 
26,050 
21,730 
17,050 
ll,9u0 
11,400 
9,850 
8,750 
7,250 



4,235 14,996 



May. 



5,500 
4,800 
4,150 
3,300 
2,850 
3,000 
2,450 
3,300 
3,800 
4,400 
3,800 
3,650 
3,300 
3,300 
3,800 
3,300 
3,000 
2,850 
2,700 
2,250 
2,250 
1,750 
1,650 
1,650 
1,650 
1,500 
1,900 
1,650 
1,425 
1,425 
1,425 



2,857 



June. 



1,470 
1,470 
1,580 
1,710 
1,710 
1,470 
1,470 
1,710 
1,710 
1,960 
2,240 
2.910 
2,240 
1.580 
1,580 
1,580 
1,710 
1,710 
1,470 
1,260 
1,260 
1,260 
1,060 
1,060 
1,060 
1,060 
1,060 
910 
910 
910 



1,503 



July. 



1,500 

940 

940 

940 

820 

750 

750 

820 

1,090 

1,090 

1,290 

1,500 

1,500 

1,290 

1,290 

1,290 

1,090 

1,090 

1,090 

1.0PO 

1,400 

1,610 

1,740 

1,990 

2,270 

2,270 

2,490 

2,380 

2,270 

2,270 

1,990 



1,447 



Aug. 



1,970 
1,830 
1,720 
1,720 
1,720 
1,970 
1,720 
1,970 
1,970 
1,970 
1,970 
1,970 
1,970 
2,250 
2,390 
2,470 
5,020 
1,830 
1,830 
1,970 
1,070 
1.070 
1,070 
1,270 
1,170 
1,070 
920 
1,000 
1,000 
1,070 
1,170 



1,746 



Sept. 



1,920 

1,670 

1,670 

1,540 

1,430 

1,430 

1,430 

1,020 

1,020 

1,120 

1,220 

1,020 

870 

870 

430 

430 



750 
870 
870 
680 
1,020 
1,020 
750 
680 
680 
540 
600 
540 



Sec. ft. 
32,000 



28,000 



24,000 



20,000 



16,000 





JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC 
10 20 










































- 




















































































































































































































I 


B9 


8 


















































































































































































































































1 




,1 




































































I 



Fig. No. 31.— Discharge of Mohawk River at Rexford Flats, Saratoga County, N. Y., 1898. 







32,000 



28,000 



73 



JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT NOV I DEC. 
10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 



>,000 




Fig. No. 32 —Discharge of Mohawk River at Rexford Flats, Saratoga County, N. Y., 1899. 



Sec. ft. 
32,000 

2S.000 

24,000 

20,000 

16,000 

12,000 

8,000 

4,000 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC 
10 20 




o 
■■-. 




i 
'i 










































































































































































































































1 


90 





















































































































I 


















































F 




y 
























































If 1 .:' 1 "1 


^ 


«, 


L 












PI 





























Fio. No. 33.— Discharge of Mohawk River at Rexrord Flats, Saratoga County, N. Y., 1900. 



74 



Mean Monthly Run-Off of Mohawk River at Rexford Flats, Saratoga County, N. T. 
[Drainage area, 3,385 square miles.] 



MONTH. 


SECOND-FEET. 


SECOND-FEET PER 
SQUARE MILE. 


INCHES ON 
DRAINAGE AREA. 




1898. 


189?. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 






5,739 

3,935 

9,004 

17,057 

4,084 

2,014 

498 

294 

980 

1,608 

2,824 

7,001 


7.860 
9,032 
4,235 
14,996 
2,857 
1,503 
1,447 
1,746 
981 




1.70 
1.17 
2.66 
5.04 
1.20 
0.59 
0.15 
0.09 
29 

2.07 


2.32 

2.67 
1.25 
4.43 
0.84 
0.44 
043 
0.51 
0.29 


1.52 


1.96 
1.21 
3.06 
5.62 
1.38 
0.66 
0.17 
0.10 
0.32 
0.54 
0.92 
2.38 


2 67 






2.77 






1.44 






4.94 






0.96 






0.49 






0.49 






0.58 






0.32 




















4.471 




1.32 
























18.32 























MOHAWK RIVER NEAR DUNSBACH FERRY, SARATOGA 

COUNTY, N. Y. 

This record is kept on Mohawk river at the West Troy Oo.'s dam 
near Dunsbach Ferry, 9 miles from the mouth of the stream. The 
dam is of masonry, with a fiat granite crest 5.5 feet wide, standing 
0.75 foot higher at the crest lip than at the upstream edge. 

The dam is in two sections, separated by an island. The right 
wing, at the upper end of the island, has a crest length of 380 feet. 
The left wing, at the lower end of the island, has a crest length of 
280 feet. Openings, which existed in the dam during a part of the 
time the record has been kept, are to be taken into consideration 
in computing the flow. Aside from these openings, the crest of 
each section is nearly level. 

The gauge zero stands 1.46 to 1.50 feet below the crest of the 
right section, and 2.15 feet below the crest-level of the left section. 
The crest-gauge is read twice daily, from 6 to 7 a. m. and from 
5 to 6 p. m. The daily gauge height is shown in the table. In 
the adjacent pumping station are two Eclipse turbines, built by 
Stout, Mills & Temple, Dayton, Ohio. One is 68, and the other 
72 inches in diameter. Both are run with the gates wide open, 
under a head of 7 to 8 feet. 

This record was established primarily for the purpose of check- 
ing a system of levels, which were run for the United States Board 



75 

of Engineers on deep waterways. No record was kept from April 
1, 1899, to July 31, 1900. 

The drainage area above this station is 3,422 square miles, or 37 
square miles more than that at Rexford Flats. 

Table No. 17. — Gauge Headings on Mohawk River at West Troy Company's Dam. 



DAY. 


Jan. Feb. Mar. 


April. May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug 


. Sept. 


Oct 


Nov. Dec. 


1898. 


AMPMAMPMAMPM 


AM PM AM PM 


AM PM 


AM PI 


AM PMAMPM 


AMI 


'M AM PM AM PM 


1 






4.1 3.8 3.4 3.0 


3.2 2.8 


1.4 1. 


3 3.0 


2.0 2.8 2 7 


2.4 


2.4 3.7 3.6 3.2 3.2 


2 ... 






9.6? 3 5 3 1 3.1 2.8 2.6 


1.1 1. 


)?2.0 ? 


J.0 2.5 2.3 


2.4 


2.4 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.1 


3 '.'.'.".'.'.'. 






3.3 3.1 3.1 3.2 2 5 2.4 


0.7 0, 


5 1.7 2.7 2 2 2.1 


2.4 


2.4 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.0 


4 






3.0 2 9 4 1 3.2 


2.4 2.4 


0.4 0. 


I 2.7 


2.7 2 2 2.2 


2.4 


2.4 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 


5 






2,8 2.7 4.2 4.1 


2.4 2.4 


0.3 0. 


2.4 


2.9 2.1 2.1 


2.4 


2.7 8.1 3.0 3.0 3.3 


6 






2.6 2.6 3.9 4.4 


2.2 2.1 


0.1 -0. 


1 3.4 


3.6 2.2 2.1 


5.8 


5.7 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.4 


7 






2 5 2.5 4.3 4.0 


2.0 1.8 


-0.1 -0. 


I 3.2 


2.9 2.3 2.5 


4-8 


3.7 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.2 


8 






2.6 2.6 3.6 3.4 


1.8 \.i 


-0.1 -0. 


1 2.5 


2.3 2.5 2.8 


3.3 


3.3 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.2 


9 






2.6 2.5 3.3 2.9 


1.7 1." 


-0.1 -0. 


1 2.0 


1.9 3.0 3.0 


3.3 


3.2 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.2 


10 






2.4 2.4 2.6 2.6 


1.7 1. 


-0.2 -0. 


2 1.7 


1.6 2.8 2.6 


3.2 


3.0 3.1 3.5 3.2 3 2 


11 






2.4 2.4 2.6 2.5 1.8 1." 


-0.4 -0. 


2 1.8 


1.7 2.4 2.2 


2.8 


2.8 8,3 8.5 3.2 3.0 


12 


'.'. '.'. '.'. '.'. 7.5 ' 


'.7 


2 4 2.4 2.5 2 4 


1.7 1.8 


-0.4 -0- 


1 1.6 


.4 2.1 8.0 


2.7 


2.7 7.0 6.5 3.0 3.0 


13 


8.3 t 


.1 


2.5 2.4 3.4 3.9 


2.5 2.8 


-0.5 -0. 


5 1.3 


1.2 1.8 1.7 2.7 


2.7 5.6 5.4 3.0 2.8 


14 


8.5 f 


.a 


2.5 2 5 3.9 3.7 


3.4 3. J 


-0.6 -0. 


5 1.1 


1.0 1.6 1.6 2.8 


2.9 5.0 4.8 2.8 2.8 


15 


7.7 ' 


.3 


2-6 2 6 3.4 3.3 


3.2 3.C 


-0.6 -0. 


5 1.0 ?0.8 1.5 1.4 


2.9 


4.4 4.5 4.4 2.8 2.7 


16 


6.7 ( 


.2 


2.7 2.8 3.1 3.0 


2.9 2 8 


-0.6 -0. 


7 ?0.6 Y1.0 1 3 1.3 


5.0 


1.8 4 3.9 2.7 2 8 


17 


5.6 : 


.5 


3.0 3.0 2.9 2.7 


2.7 2.S 


-0.7 -0. 


3 1.4 


1.5 1.3 1.3 


4.4 


1.2 3.7 3.6 2.8 2.8 


18 


5.8 S 


.5 


2.9 2.8 2.6 2.5 


2.2 2.5 


-0.7 -0. 


■ 20 


2.9 1.3 1.2 


3.9 


3.7 3.6 3.f> 2.8 2.8 


19 


5.1 : 


.5 


2.7 2.7 2.4 2.4 


2.1 2.C 


-0.7 -0. 


1 25 


2.5 1.2 1,3 


3.5 


3.4 3.5 8.7 2.8 2 8 


20 


6.0 ' 


.0 


2.8 2.8 2.5 2.5 


1.9 2.5 


1.0 2. 


1 2.8 


J.O 1.6 2.0 


3.3 


3.3 4.8 4.9 2.8 2.8 


21 


6.3 ( 


.0 


3.1 3 2 2.7 2.6 


2.7 2.S 


2.2 2. 


1 3.5 


5.4 2.3 2.2 


3.3 


3.3 4.4 4.2 2.8 2.9 


22 


5.6 £ 


.1 


3.3 3.3 2.6 2.5 


2.3 2.5 


1.8 2. 


) 3.0 


2.8 2.0 2.0 


3.3 


3.4 3.9 3.8 2.9 3.0 


23 


4.8 t 


.8 


3.2 3.5 IA 2.4 


2.2 2.5 


1.8 1. 


5 2.6 


2.7 2.0 2.0 


3.9 


1.2 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.8 


24 


4.8 4 


.8 


3.9 5.5 2.3 2.7 


2.1 2.C 


1.4 0. 


1 2.7 


).4 2.0 2.3 


4.1 


1.2 3.9 3.8 4.6 4 6 


25 


4.3 i 


J) 


7.0 7.0 3.0 3.6 


1.9 \.i 


-0.8 0. 


1 61 


5 1 2.8 3,2 


4.1 


1.0 3 8 3.7 4 5 4.5 


26 


3.8 i 


.8 


6.8 6.8 4.5 5.0 


1.7 1.7 


-0.2 0. 


2 6.0 


5.8 3 3 3.1 


3.8 


3.8 3.5 3.5 4.4 4.0 


27 


3.7 : 


.6 


6.4 6.0 5.2 5.1 


1.7 1/ 


1.0 1. 


1 5.4 ? 


5.0 2.9 2.8 


3.9 


1.8 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.7 


28 


3.6 : 


.7 


5.2 4.7 5.5 4.8 


1.6 l.t 


J.9 1. 


3 4.1 


3.8 2.8 2.7 


5.4 


5.4 3.0 3.0 3 5 3.2 


29 


3.9 4 


.1 


4.4 4.2 4 2 3.8 


1.5 1.4 


1.7 1. 


5 3.4 


J.0 2.7 2.6 


5.0 


1.9 2 9 3.1 3.0 2.9 


30 


. . 4.8 4 


.8 


3.8 3 6 3.5 3.3 


15 1.4 


1.4 1. 


[ 28 


2.7 2.5 2.5 


4.4 


1.2 3.0 3.1 2.8 2.8 


31 


4.8 4 


.6 


.. ..3.3 3 2 




0.8 0. 


5 2.7 


2.8 .. .. 


3.9 


3.8 .. .. 2.8 3.0 


1899. 


AM PM AM PM A M F 


H 


AMPMAMPM 


AM PM 


AM PI 


[ AM I 


M A M P M 


AMI 


MAMPMAMPM 


1 


4.0 3.8 2.6 2.6 4.u 4 


.0 
















2 


3.4 3.4 2.6 2.6 3.9 S 


.8 
















3 


3.2 3.2 2.6 2.6 3.6 J 


!.5 
















4 


3.2 3.4 3.6 2.6 3.3 I 


.:; 
















5 


3.5 4.6 2.6 2.6 3.4 I 


.5 
















6 


6.2 5.4 2.6 2.5 6.0 ' 


r.2 
















7 


5.0 5.0 1.5 2.5 6.2 ! 


.7 
















8 


4.5 4.4 2.5 2 4 5.0 4 


.5 
















9 


4.1 4 2.3 2.2 4.3 4 


.2 
















10 


3.8 3.5 2.2 2 2 4.2 t 


.0 
















11 


3.3 3.2 2.2 2.2 3.9 S 


.8 
















12 


3.2 3.1 2.1 2.2 3.8 4 


.0 
















13 


3.0 3.0 2. a 2.2 5.2 ( 


.8 
















14 


3.0 3.2 2.2 2.2 5.9 £ 


.4 
















15 


3.4 3.8 2.2 2.2 5.0 4 


.8 
















16 


4.4 4.5 2.2 2.2 4.5 4 


.5 
















17 


4.2 4.2 2.2 2.3 4.5 4 


.2 
















18 


4.1 4.0 2.3 2.3 4.0 I 


.7 
















19 


3.9 3.7 2.3 2.4 3.5 ', 


.6 
















20 


3.5 3.4 2.4 2.5 3.8 4 


.6 
















31 


3.2 3.2 2.6 2.7 4.7 4 


.2 
















22 


3.1 3.0 2.7 3.3 4.0 4 


.0 
















23 


3.0 3.0 3.5 4.4 3.8 I 


.8 
















24 


3.0 3.1 4.8 4.5 3.9 4 


.0 
















25 


3.1 3.1 4.0 3.8 4.1 4 


.0 
















26 


3.2 3.3 3.7 3.6 4.0 i 


.'.1 
















27 


3.2 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.7 ; 


.8 
















28 


3.0 3 3.5 4.1 3.7 - 


.5 
















29 


2.9 2.8 .. .. 3.5 J 


.8 
















30 


2.7 2.7 .. .. 3.8 : 


5 
















31 


2.7 2.7 .. .. 3.5 i 


.5 

















76 



Table No. 17.— 


Gauge Reading on Mohawk River at West Troy Company's Bam — 


Concluded. 




DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar.. 


Apr. 


May. 

AM PM 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1900. 


AM PM 


AM PM 


AM PM 


AM PM 


AM PM 


AM PM 


AM PM 

2.3 2.3 
2.3 2.2 
2.1 2.1 

2.0 2.0 

2.1 2.1 
2.0 2.0 
2 1.9 
1.9 1.9 
1.9 1.8 
1.8 1.8 
1.8 1.8 
1.8 1.8 

1.8 1.8 

1.9 1.9 
2-0 2.4 
2.9 2.8 
2.7 2 7 
2 6 2.6 
2.5 2.4 
2.3 2.3 
2.3 2.2 

2.2 2.1 
2.0 2.0 

2.0 2.0 
20 2.1 

2.1 2.2 


AM PM 

2.2 2.2 
2.2 2.1 
2.1 2.1 
2.0 2.0 
2.0 1.9 
1.9 1.8 
1.8 1.8 

1.8 1.8 

1.9 1.9 

2.0 2.0 
2 2.1 

2.1 2.3 
1.7 1.7 
1.7 1.7 
1.7 1.7 

1.7 1.7 

1.8 1.8 

1.8 1.7 
1.7 1.6 

1.6 1.7 

1.7 1.7 
1.7" 1.8 

1.9 2.0 
2.5 2 5 
2.4 2.4 
23 22 


AM PM AM AS 
2.0 2.0 .. .. 

2.0 2.0 .. .. 
2.0 2.0 .. .. 
2.0 2.0 .. .. 
2.0 2.0 .. .. 
2.0 2.0 .. .. 
2.0 2.0 .. .. 
1.9 1.9 .. .. 
1.8 1.8 .. .. 
1.7 1.7 .. .. 

1.7 1.7 .. .. 

1.8 1.8 .. .. 
1.8 1.8 .. .. 

1.8 1.9 .. .. 

1.9 1.9 .. .. 
1.9 -1.9 .. .. 

2.0 2.0 .. .. 
2.2 2.2 .. .. 
2 2 2.2 .. .. 
2.2 2.1 .. .. 

2.1 2.0 .. .. 
2.0 2.0 .. .. 
2.0 


[ A M P M 


















'•• 




3 


















4 




































6 


















7 ........ 












































































































13 


























































































































































































































































2 2 2.12.2 2 2 




















21 2.1 
2 2 
2.0 2.1 
2.2 2.2 


22 2.1 
20 2.0 
2.0 2.0 















































































MOOSE RIVER BELOW McKEEVER, HERKIMER COUNTY, 

N. Y. 

A gauging station was established on this stream at Moose 
river, 4 miles below McKeever railroad station, on June 5th. The 
section of the channel chosen to be spanned by a cable way has a 
width of 225 feet, with a nearly flat" gravel bottom. A vertical 
gauge board was attached to a pile driven some distance out in 
the stream beyond the low-water margin, and protected from ice 
and logs by a floating boom anchored upstream. 

This stream is characterized throughout its entire course by 
rifts and rapids. Topographically, the watershed is rocky, pre- 
cipitous and mostly timbered. The drainage area above the gaug- 
ing station is 346 square miles. An area of 41 square miles in 
the headwaters is subject to regulation by storage, controlled by 
a State dam at Old Forge at the foot of the Fulton Chain of lakes. 

There are numerous undeveloped water powers on the stream, 
including two falls near Lyonsdale, where a head of 30 feet or 
more might be obtained, and Miller's falls, below Moose river, 
of nearly equal height. 

Water-power is developed at eight dams, utilizing a total fall 
of 225 feet, with an aggregate capacity of the turbines installed, 
of over 7,000 horse-power. 



77 



No current meter measurements have thus far been made. 

Gauge readings arc lake twice daily, morning and evening, and 
the mean of the two readings for each day is shown in the accom- 
panying table. 

Table No. 18.— Daily Gauge Height of Moose River at Moose River for 1900. 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 

0.5 

0.6 

0.214 

0.3*6 

0.3 

0.3*6 

0.7 

0.8H 

0.7*6 

0.7 

0.6*6 

0.9 

0.9 

0.8 

0-7*6 

0.7 

0.8 

7*^ 

0.8*6 

0.9 

0.8 

0.6*6 

0.5*6 

0.6 

0.8*6 

3.0*6 

1.8*6 

1.2 

0.9 

0.7*6 

0.7 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1 










0.8*6 

07 

0.7 

0.6 

0.5 

0.5*6 

06 

0.5*6 

0.5*6 

0.6 

0.7 

0.6*6 

0.8 

1.8 

1-7*6 

1.2*6 

1.2 

1.0 

0.8*6 

0.6 

0.6 

0.6 

0.5 

0.4*6 

0.5*6 

0.6*6 

1.75 

2.0 

1.3*6 

1.4 

0.9*6 


09 

08 

0.6*6 

0.5*6 

0.6 

0.5*6 

0.5*6 

0.6 

0.6*6 

0.7 

0.5*6 

0.5*$ 

0.5*6 

0.5 

0.4 

0.7 

0.7 

0.6*6 

0.6 

0.5*6 

0.8 

1.2 

1.5*6 

1.3 

1.0*6 

0.9 
9 

8*6 

0.7 

0.8 


0.7 

0.7*6 

0.8 

07 

0.6 

0.6 

0.6 

0.6*6 

0.6 

0.6 

0.6*6 

0.5*6 

0.4*6 

0.4*6 

0.7 

0.8*6 

0.7*6 

0.6 

0.6*6 

0.7*6 

0.7*6 

0.7 

0.7 

1.3 

2.0 

1.6*6 

1.3 

1.3 

1.2*6 

1.2*6 

1.3 


01*6 
1.2 

1.0*6 




2 
















3 














4 














5 












2.0 

15*6 

1-2*6 

1.2 

19*6 

1.5*6 

1.4 

1.2 

1.094 

1.0*6 

i.o*6 

0.9*1 

0.6*6 

0.6 

0.8 

0.9*6 

0.9 

0.8 

0.7 

0.8 

0.6 

0.4 

0.3 

0.5 

0.5*6 


6 












7 












8 












9 












10 












11 












12 












13 












14 












15 












16 












17 












18 












19 












20 












21 












22 












23 












25 












25 












26 












27 












28... 












29 












30 












31 



























Sec. ft. 


JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 


400 








































































350 


















< 






















































300 








































































250 






































1 


B9 


8 






























200 


























































i 












1, 


150 

100 
























































L 


j 




y 


i 






























































. 




5 




i 


11 


50 

























































y 


■* 



Fig. No. 34.— Discharge of Oneida Creek at Kenwood, Madison County, N. Y., 1898. 



78 



ONEIDA CEEEK AT KENWOOD, MADISON COUNTY, N. Y. 

This stream rises in Madison county and flows in a northwest- 
erly direction, crossing the Erie canal and emptying into Oneida 
lake at its southeastern extremity. It is shown on the Oneida 
atlas sheet of the United States Geological Survey. The station 
is located at the silk mill dam at Kenwood, which is of framed 
timber, having a level crest 79.4 feet in length. 

Water is conducted to the mill in an open earth canal, termi- 
nating near -the silk mill. A short, circular, wooden flume con- 
ducts water from the headrace to the 24-inch Hercules turbine, 
which is ordinarily run at one-third gate. There is no leakage 
of the dam, and only a slight leakage of flume and head-gates. 
This has been taken at 2 second-feet. The flow over a waste way 
near the mill is computed by means of Francis formula. A sec- 
ond spillway, in the canal bank near the dam, has a broad, irregu- 
lar crest, over which water sometimes flows. A discharge curve 
for this spillway has been prepared, using coefficients from the 
Cornell experiments for dam with a broad, flat crest.* 

Current meter measurements, to check the calculated flow at 
Kenwood, have been made with results as follows : 

Second-feet. 
Junel, Total flow at Oneida Castle ." 36.6 

Second-feet. 

Flow over dam, crest-gauge reading 0. 15 19 

Flow through turbine, 11.75 head, % gate 15 

Flow over waste-way near mill 1 

Assumed leakage 2 

Computed total flow 37 

Sept. 17, Total flow measured in headrace 20 

Second feet. 

Flow through turbine, }4 gate 15 

Assumed leakage 2 

Total flow computed 17 

At Oneida is a State dam diverting water for the supply of the 
summit-level of Erie canal. No measurements of diversion to 
the feeder have been made. Practically the entire flow of Oneida 
creek, less leakage of the dam, is taken for this purpose during 
the low-water season. 



*See Proceedings of Am. Soc. C. E., March, 1900, page 282. 
(See Water Supply and Irrigation Paper, U. S. G. S., No. 36, page 186.) 



79 



Table No. 19. — Mean Daily Flow of Oneida Creek at Kenwood, N. 1'., Cubi-i Feet Per Second. 
[Drainage area 59 square miles.] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1898. 




















90 

72 

70 

65 

60 

58* 

60 

58 

51 
265 
274 
172 
140* 
119 
123 
106 
106 
102 
115 
121* 
123 
109 
123 
100 

86 

93 

77* 

61 

76 

64 


70 






















* 


63 


3 






















80 


4 






















76* 






















112 

58 

60 

58 

45* 

23 

23 

30 

27 

51 
110 
100* 
102 

75 

75 

75 

70 
110 
100* 
100 

75 
120 
180 
129 
133 
100* 
100 


82 


fi 




















65 






















60 


8 




















55 


9 




















45 


10 




















50 


11 




















50* 


12 




















50 


13 




















45 


14 




















50 


15 




















55 


16 




















101 


17 




















108 


18 




















69* 


19 




















40 


20 




















60 


21 




















205 


22 




















170 


23 




















240 


24 




















173 


25 




















136* 


26 




















100 


27 




















80 


28 




















50 


29 




















70 


30 




















101 


31 




















101 












































83 


105 

144 
69 
56 
66 
55* 
44 
40 
26 
26 
24* 
26 
27* 
28 
26 
22 
26 
26 
22 
25* 
28 
24 
26 
24 
26 
24 
25* 
26 
26 
26 
26 


90 




76* 
96 
108 
210 
300 
160 
143 
114* 
95 
80 
138 
180 
205 
273 
225* 
183 
135 
101 
75 
65 
67 
57* 
55 
75 
85 
60 
55 
42 
43* 
51 
75 




115 
96 

115 

112 

157* 
22 

202 

168 

128 
75 
90 

149* 

235 

157 

123 

140 

144 

133 

157* 

198 

135 

157 

254 

183 

190 

170* 

157 

123 

230 

183 

165 


122 
115* 
116 

96 
122 
131 
166 
334 
260* 
214 
196 
496 
416 
406 
341 
260* 
196 
166 
166 
144 
136 
110 
102* 

96 

91 
110 
110 

91 

86 

93* 


71 
60 
60 
59 
54 
55 
48* 
53 
53 
53 
54 
59 
59 
48* 
53 
60 
61 
68 
66 
91 
80* 
82 
63 
54 
66 
43 
43 
71* 
108 
76 
59 


46 

36 

36 

35* 

31 

31 

31 

24 

24 

24 

25* 

26 

26 

26 

51 

41 

36 

30* 

26 

31 

26 

26 

31 

31 

31* 

31 

31 

24 

24 

21 










1899. 
1 


50 

65 

80 

72 

59* 

50 

50 

50 

35 

37 

100 
74* 
56 
37 
47 
42 
39 
41 
40* 
52 

160 

365 

232 

147 
99 

161* 

232 

122 


18 

20* 

20 

20 

30 

34 

21 

41 

40* 

51 

26 

24 

24 

24 

21 

20* 

31 

28 

26 

26 

24 

25 

25* 

26 

21 

21 

20 

21 

18 

20* 

21 




15* 

21 

21 

21 

21 

21 

24 

18* 

24 

24 

21 

24 

24 

24 

19* 

25 

25 

25 

24 

24 

25 

25* 

25 

25 

24 

25 

24 

25 

26* 

29 

31 


23 


2 


29 


3 


25* 


4 


37 


5 


29 




29 




25 


8 


33 


9 


41 


10 


25* 


11 


97 


12 


70 


13 


70 


14 


91 


15 


82 


16 


73 


17 


30* 


18 


30 


19 


97 


20 


79 


21 


92 


22 


80 


23 


68 


24.... 


55* 


25 


70 


26 


36 


27 


39 


28 


27 


29 


34 


30 


27 


31 


34* 








117 


93 


157 


183 


62 


30 


25 






23 


33 


60 




:= 







♦Sunday. 



80 



Table No 19. — Mean Daily Flow of Oneida Creek at Kenicood, Madison County, N. Y., Cubic Feet 

Per Second — (Concluded). 
[Drainage area 59 square miles.] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1900. 
1 






98 
194 
99 

* 


"290 
208 
154 
149 
313 
382 

220 
200 
196 
212 
201 
204 
.. . .* 
"l72 
218 
302 
268 
224 
177 

"234 
160 
134 
102 
58 
88 
* 

"*6i 




19 

18 


29 
25" 

2i 
25 
b2 

42 
31 
21 
22 
22 
25 
* 

31 
54 
46 
38 
34 
40 
* 

34 
28 
27 
80 
55 
36 
* 

31 
28 


27 
22 
16 
16 

"*16 
13 
15 

14 

25 

14 
15 
16 
18 
20 
32 
* 

17 
14 
14 
13 
13 
32 
* 

28 
31 
28 
20 
19 


15 

* 

15 
15 
15 
16 
19 
14 
* 

15 
15 
15 
15 
14 
14 

17 
15 
15 
13 
19 
19 

17 
17 
15 
17 
17 
15 
11* 


17 
17 
14 
14 
17 
17 

* 
14 
35 
18 
17 
17 
19 
13* 
. 25 
23 
25 
19 
19 
19 
17* 
17 
17 
23 
25 
. 19 
17 

* 

19 
19 
23 






2 


29 

26 
34 
29 
40 

* 








S 






4 




23 

20 
17 
23 
43 
52 






5 




135 
191 
223 
140 
150 
199 


















86 
54 
51 
47 
60 
47 
* 














10 






11 




30 
23 
17 
17 

17 
27 






12 




98 
124 
100 

67 

52 

62 

48* 
148 
394 
262 
259 
259 
102 






13 












15 . 


45 
104 
81 
76 
364 
304 








16 






17 






18 




17 
19 
17 
17 
14 
14 






19 






20 






21 






22 


196 
89 
209 
161 
101 














24 






25 




19 
16 
19 
14 
19 
26 










82 
154 
128 
128 
128 
118 






27.... 






28.... 


30* 
46 
45 
47 








29 




30 






31.. 




















92 




148 


198 




21 


38 


19 


16 


19 













1 Sunday. 



Sec. ft. 

400 



300 



500 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 










? 






































































































































































,, 






















1 


39 


9 


























































































, 






If - 


1 






1 












































'1 


i 


1 


M 


L 


j 


1 
































, 








11 


1 


' " 'WfH 




No 


R« 


:co 


rd 




m ww ' 1 



Fig. No. 35.— Discharge of Oneida Creek at Kenwood, Madison County, N. Y., 1899. 



SI 



Sec. ft. 

400 



300 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG 
10 20 


SEPT 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV 
10 20 


DEC 

10 20 


























































































































































































































1 






i 
















1 


90 



































| 






























































B 






1 


1 


, 




"E 














































!_ 


1 




11 




















1 
































1 














J 


h 


• 


i 


i 


i 


to 


y 


j 


i 


a 


1 


J 


i 


■ 















Fig. No. 36.— Discharge of Oneida Creek at Kenwood, Madison County, N. Y., 1900. 



Mean Monthly Run-Off of Oneida Creek at Kenwood, Madison County, N. Y. 
[Drainage area, 59 square miles.] 



MONTH. 


SKCOND-FEKT. 


SECOND-FEET 
FER SQUARE MILE. 


INCHE8 ON 
DRAINAGE AREA. 




1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 






117 
93 
157 
183 
62 
30 
35 


92 




1.98 
1.58 
2.66 
3.10 
1.05 
0.51 
0.42 


1.56 




2.28 
1.64 
3.06 
3.46 
1.21 
0.57 
0.48 


1 80 












148 
198 




2.51 
3.35 




2.89 


April 




3.74 












21 
38 
19 
16 
19 




0.35 
0.64 
0.32 
0.27 
0.32 




0.39 


July 




0.74 






0.37 
















0.30 




83 
105 
90 


23 
33 
60 


1.40 

1.78 
1.52 


0.39 
0.56 
1.02 


1.61 
1.98 

1.75 


0.45 
0.62 
1.17 


0.37 























































82 



ORISKANY CREEK AT ORISKANY, ONEIDA COUNTY, 

N. Y. 

This stream rises in Oneida county, N. Y., and flows in a north- 
erly direction, emptying into the Mohawk river. 

The locations of this station, as well as of a second station 
which was maintained for a time at Coleman on this stream, are 
shown on the Oriskany atlas sheet of the United States Geologi- 
cal Survey. The Oriskany station is located at the New York 
State dam, which is of timber, having a crest 214 feet in length 
with a somewhat irregular profile, which, in order to facilitate 
computation, has been divided into three sections. The dam is 
low, the difference of elevation on the upstream and downstream 
sides ordinarily being about 4 feet. During extreme high water 
the dam becomes completely submerged. During the summer 
the entire flow, less leakage, is ordinarily diverted to the canal 
feeder. H. Waterbury & Co.'s dam, located just below the State 
•dam, backs water above the toe of the latter, so that direct meas- 
urements of the leakage of the State dam cannot readily be made. 

During the winter and spring, the flow of the stream is avail- 
able for power from the lower dam, but during the season of navi- 
gation, the inflow to the Mohawk from this tributary amounts 
to only a few second-feet. The computed flow at the gauging 
station represents the total outgo from the pond above the State 
dam, and includes water diverted from Chenango river through 
the channel of Oriskany creek to feed the Erie canal. 

(See Water Supply and Irrigation Paper, U. S. G. S., No. 35, page 47.) 



83 



Table No. 80.— Mean Daily Flout of Oriska 

Fet 

[Drainage area 144 square miles.] 



ny Creek at Ortskany, Oneida County, -V. P., Cubio 
Feet per Second. 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


De o. 


1898. 






















329 
298 
274 
276 
266 
269 
267 
236 
284 
370 
740 
370 
865 
333 
352 
311 
304 
304 
310 
392 
359 
263 
300 
324 
278 
253 
502 
335 
S09 
254 


266 
























259 
























428 
























413 
























457 
























445 
























445 
























462 
























393 
























388 
























425 
























460 
























346 
























160 
























150 






















338 
248 
212 
231 
266 
248 
328 
350 
316 
280 
330 
564 
457 
403 
339 
336 


300 






















280 






















160 






















220 






















105 






















300 






















380 






















825 






















410 






















855 






















210 






















150 






















100 






















235 






















235 






















285 












































325 


327 


327 
























1899. 
1 


180 
180 
195 
220 
220 
250 
285 
220 
260 
220 
255 
255 
410 
505 
550 
505 
380 
315 
255 
260 
290 
270 
290 
290 
260 
285 
305 
340 
305 
290 
300 


157 
167 
150 
177 
167 
217 
230 
243 
277 
277 
343 
343 
364 
343 
364 
337 
343 
337 
304 
297 
890 
410 
404 
303 
287 
297 
367 
244 


495 
355 
425 
460 
■910 
650 
410 
300 
240 
215 
175 
645 
490 
340 
280 
255 
200 
230 
355 
370 
330 
285 
355 
280 
285 
240 
220 
215 
205 
190 
190 


180 

170 

160 

260 

390 

425 

525 

1,270 

770 

600 

490 

1,220 

1,440 

1,160 

910 

625 

370 

340 

290 

260 

230 

130 

50 

50 

50 

416 

406 

120 

335 

325 


238 
144 
139 
139 
129 
124 
122 
122 
124 
124 
28 
28 
25 
25 
30 
105 
122 
134 
139 
120 
140 
160 
140 
115 
115 
159 
144 
139 
139 
129 
134 


90 
' 80 
SO 
80 
80 
80 
80 
80 
80 
80 
89 
94 
89 
94 
104 
101 
94 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
118 
118 
118 
118 
118 
113 
113 
113 


138 
184 
170 
104 
100 
117 
124 
124 
124 
124 
208 
208 
197 
183 
183 
270 
270 
270 
196 
196 
196 
196 
196 
196 
196 
196 


206 
206 
167 
126 
126 
177 
177 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 
206 
206 
206 
206 
206 
206 
206 
206 
206 
206 
206 
194 
184 
184 
184 
98 
98 


83 
87 
73 
10 
75 
108 
101 
133 
176 
180 
159 
95 
73 
87 
85 
89 
115 
123 
119 
138 
161 
129 
162 
102 
112 
181 
222 
216 
185 
206 


180 

138 

108 

99 

119 

132 

122 

138 

95 

58 

106 

97 

92 

26 

72 

45 

106 

58 

71 

48 

82 

73 

85 

88 

70 

70 

54 

158 

72 

55 

115 


320 
175 
115 
138 
144 
346 
374 
429 
364 
394 
634 
534 
564 
584 
564 
484 
524 
584 
202 
53 
124 
154 
174 
214 
174 
438 
318 
318 
• 582 
789 


90 


2 


103 


3 


73 


4 


108 


5 


80 


6 


107 




99 


8 


40 


9 


30 


10 


10 


11 


45 


12 


340 


13 


380 


14 


so 


15 


65 


16 


80 


17 


40 


18 


65 


19 


250 


20 


130 


21 


110 


22 


50 


23 


50 


24 


70 


25 


50 


26 


40 


27 


30 


28 


35 


29 


30 


30 




.31 


70 






Mean 


295 


291 


342 


466 


119 


99 


180 


186 


126 


91 


360 


89 



84 



Table No. 20. — Mean Daily Flow of Oriskany Creek at Oriskany, Oneida County, N. T., Cubic 
Feet per Second — (Concluded). 

[Drainage area 144 square miles.] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 

110 
110 
110 
110 
110 
140 
88 
73 
104 
101 
107 
105 
105 
105 
105 
105 
105 
105 
107 
105 
107 
124 
105 
105 
114 
110 
112 
108 
33 
32 
30 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1900 
1 


64 

133 

81 

96 

41 

76 

54 

101 

54 

114 

56 

96 

51 

68 

81 

133 

145 

114 

546 

1,376 

576 

721 

176 

91 

481 

156 

51 

106 

91 

114 

156 


139 
212 
326 
286 
416 
302 
218 
302 
1,871 
596 
416 
139 
3,116 
454 
248 
139 
114 
76 
60 
81 
127 
170 
236 
96 
91 
56 
170 
133 


254 
786 
876 
776 
736 
398 
756 
454 
366 
302 
218 
163 
157 
157 
139 
133 
127 
76 
170 
696 
496 
294 
326 
386 
254 
236 
183 
227 
286 
686 
846 


1,318 
1,391 
1.C46 
546 
426 
916 
896 
596 
308 
206 
194 
286 
316 
254 
212 
206 
470 
1,090 
427 
315 
212 
877 
379 
260 
239 
235 
201 
283 
282 
272 


238 
192 
163 
163 
144 
183 
161 
163 
136 
133 
150 

70 
105 

94 
105 
118 
144 
171 
156 
148 
161 
115 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 


95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
97 
95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
97 
95 
95 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
124 
107 
103 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
110 
132 
111 
100 
100 


82 
74 
76 
84 
66 
81 
85 
85 
61 
73 
73 
61 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
75 
85 
85 


70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
175. 
66 
63 
75 
75 
75 
75 
78 
84 
81 
78 
80 
80 
75 
75 
77 
83 
75 
75 
103 
100 
100 
100 
191 












3 






4 






5 






6. 






7 






8 






9 






10 






11 






12 






13 






14 






15 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 














199 


378 


386 


488 


136 


95 


100 


103 


73 


85 













Sec. ft. 
1,600 


JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 

IQ20 


Aue. 

10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 










































































1,200 
1,000 














































































































































800 






































1 


89 


8 






























600 








































































400 


































































l 


jj 




200 


























































1 




L 


\ 




A. 































































Mi 



Fig. No. 37.— Discharge of Oriskany Creek at Oriskany, N. Y., 1898. 



85 





JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. . AP 
10 20 10 t 


R. MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 

10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 






































































































































































































1 


89 


9 












































































































p 
























\ 


i 








1 






5f 


1 | H 














u 

V 

<r 



z 




1 
























1 







r -, 


ITT Fw r W 



Fig. No. 3S .—Discharge of Oriskany Creek at Oriskany, N. Y., 1899. 



See/ft. 


JAN 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. A 
10 20 IC 


PR. 
) 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AU6. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 








20 






























































































































1,000 
































































































I 


9C 





































































































400 






































































1 








1 


I LI 




















































IP I \\ \ * 






























J 





















in 


t 


1 


1 ! 






















I 








•n 













Fig. No. 39.— Discharge ofOriskany Creek at Oriskany, N. Y., 1900. 



86 



Mean Monthly Run-Off of Oriskany Creek at Oriskany, Oneida County, N. Y. 
[Drainage area 144 square miles.] 





SECOND-FEET. 


SECOND-FEET 
PEE SQUARE MILE. 


INCHES ON 
DRAINAGE AREA. 




1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 






295 
291 : 
342 
466 
119 

99 
180 
186 
126 

91 
360 

89 


199 
378 
886 
488 
136 
95 
100 
103 
73 
85 


2.25 
2.27 
2.27 


2.04 
2.02 
2.37 
3.23 
0.83 
0.69 
1.25 
1.29 
0.87 
0.63 
2.49 
0.62 


1.38 
2.62 
2.67 
3.38 
0.94 
0.66 
0.69 
0.71 
0.51 
0.59 


2.59 
2.53 
2.61 


2.35 
2.10 
2.73 
3.60 
0.95 
0.77 
1.44 
1.48 
0.97 
0.72 
2.77 
0.71 


1.59 






2.72 






3.07 






3.77 






1.08 






0.73 


July 




0.79 






0.81 






0.57 




325 
327 
327 


0.68 















A record is kept of the height of water in the pond above the 
dam, and also in the feeder-channel below the head-gates. The 
observed difference, or head on the feeder-gates, together with 
the area of the gate-openings, have been used in the formula for 
discharge through submerged orifices, to determine the flow. A 
screen rack in the fore-bay, just above the feeder-gates, often 
becomes clogged with drift, causing a loss of head of several 
inches. In order that the correct head on the feeder-gates might 
be obtained, a gauge was placed in the fore-bay, between the 
screen-rack and feeder-gates, at the beginning of the navigation 
season of 1900. 

Current meter measurements have been made in Oriskany 
feeder as follows: 



DATE. 


Hydrographer. 


Measured 

discharge 

(second-feet). 


Computed 

discharge 

(second-feet). 






49.5 
118.9 
167.9 
103.2 


48.9- 






119.1 






170.3 













During the dry season, the gate-ways, leading to the feeder, 
are wide opened, and the water flows through unobstructed, as 
in an open channel, so that the formula for orifices cannot be ap- 
plied. 



*Second measurement made after a change in feeder gate openings. 



87 

In this connection, the difficulties encountered in gauging the 
Mow in canal feeders are worth comment. Broadly speaking, the 
amount of water required for the supply of canals is proportional 
to lockage and evaporation, jointly, with perhaps a constant fac- 
tor added for seepage losses. As a matter of fact, however, the 
rate of flow in the feeder often fluctuates within wide limits 
several times a day. Gates are usually placed in both the inlet 
and on i let ends of the feeder channel. The stage or height of the 
water in the feeder is influenced by that of the water in the 
canal itself, as well as in the supply pond above, while the veloc- 
ity of flow may be varied by changes in the gate openings at 
either end. Isolated discharge measurements are of value in a 
general way, but it may be said that nothing short of a continuous 
record, both of the stage of the water in the feeder and of its 
velocity of flow will serve to determine the actual diversion from 
dav to dav. 



OSWEGO KIVER ABOVE MINETTO, AND S MILES FROM 
LAKE ONTARIO, OSWEGO COUNTY, N. Y. 

Oswego river is formed by the junction of Oneida and Seneca 
rivers at Three River Point. It has extensive natural storage 
in Oneida lake, which covers an area of SO square miles, and in 
Seneca lake, Cayuga lake, Canandaigua lake, Owasco lake and the 
other finger-lakes of Central New York, which it drains. Cer- 
tain tributary lakes serve also as reservoirs for the water supply 
of the middle division of Erie canal, and a portion of the flow is 
diverted for this purpose. 

Oswego river has been canalized by the construction of dams, 
affording slack water navigation on part of the length of the 
stream. There are in all seven dams on this river. Surplus 
water at the State dams supplies power to numerous mills situ- 
ated on the adjacent banks. Lateral canals and locks carry boats 
around the dams and connect with back-water from the next 
succeeding dam in each instance. 

In establishing a gauging station, it is impossible to measure 
the entire stream in a single channel, since, in order to avoid 



88 

slack water from dams, it was necessary to select a site where 
the river is paralleled by the canal. A cable station was estab- 
lished September 14th, three miles above Minetto, and 8 
miles from Lake Ontario, and below the State dam at 
Battle Island. A gauge-board is placed one-fourth mile 
upstream from the cable. A weight gauge is used, which is 
suspended from a frame-work projecting over the water beyond 
the low-water margin. The position of the weight when the gauge 
reads zero has been determined with reference to a fixed bench- 
mark. The gauge is so arranged that the readings are reversed, 
thus, 8.00 would be extreme low-water. When water rises, the 
readings are less. Morning and evening readings are taken, usu- 
ally 12 hours apart, and the average of the two daily readings 
is given in accompanying table No. 20. 

A current meter measurement was made at the cable station 
on September loth. The mean gauge height during measure- 
ment was 5.4 feet, and the discharge 1,677 second-feet. This does 
not include diversion through the Oswego canal. The lowest 
water on this stream usually occurs Sundays, due to the stopping 
of water wheels and the consequent refilling of ponds. 

In this connection reference may be made to the gauging record 
which was maintained by the Water Supply Division of the 
United States Board of Engineers on Deep Waterways on Oswego 
river at the Oswego Falls dam from November, 1898, to May, 
1809, inclusive. 

The relation between the drainage areas tributary to Oswego 
river at the different gauging stations is as follows : 



LOCATION. 



Drainage area 
(square miles). 



Mouth 

High Dam 
Cable Station. 
Fulton 



5,002 
5,000 
4,990 
4,916 



(See Water Supply and Irrigation Paper, U. S. G. S., No. 36, page 188.) 




Fig. No. 40. — Cable station on Oswego river, eight miles from Lake Ontario, Oswego 

County, N. Y. 




FiG. No. 41.— N. Y. State High Dam on Oswego river, three miles from Lake Ontario, 

Oswego county, N. Y. 



S9 



Table No. 20. — Daili/ Gauge Height of Oswego Hirer nhorr \nnrttn, f/.suv./o cmniii/, v. r., anil 
eight miles from Lake Ontario, for 1900. 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 














5.514 

5.5^ 

5.5^ 

5.5^ 

6.1^ 

5.0^ 

5.3 

5.b]4 

5.3^ 
5.2 ~ 

5.6 

5.5% 

5.3 

5.0-% 

5.1^ 

5.1% 

4.7 

6.1^ 

5.4 

4.8*6 

5 5^ 

5.5^ 

55 

5.5 

6.4^ 

5.0^ 

4.9^ 

4.8 


4.9 
1.9 
5.7^ 






























































































6 
















































8 
















































10 
























11 
























12 
























18 










































5.7M 
5.7 
6.5 
62 






15 






















16 
































































19 


















5 8M 

56 

5.5% 

5.5}4 

5 2-% 

5.6 

6.1 

58 

5.6^ 

5.7M 

5.7 

5.7^ 






20 






















21 






















22 






















23 






















24 






















25 






















26 , 






















27 






















28 






















29 






















30 






















31 















































OSWEGO RIVER AT HIGH DAM, OSWEGO COUNTY, 

N. Y. 

This is a State dam on the Oswego river, 3 miles from Lake On- 
tario, having its crest 32 feet higher than mean lake level, and an 
effective head of about 13 feet. 

The record is kept by the Oswego Waterworks Company, and 
has been furnished by Thos. H. Bennett, superintendent. The 
distance down to the water surface in the pond above the dam is 
measured from the top of a bulkhead, having a known elevation 
with reference to the crest of the dam. Gauge readings are taken 
daily, with the exception of Sundays and holidays. 

Owing to the use of the stream for navigation purposes, an 
effort is made to keep the water up to a certain level at all times. 
The dam is of masonry, with a crest 365.5 feet long. Flash- 
boards are maintained on the dam during the greater part of the 
year. When flashboards are on, the flow over the dam has been 
computed by means of Francis Formula, with a constant coeffi- 
cient 3.33. In estimating the flow over the dam when flashboards 
are removed, a discharge curve has been prepared, using co- 

(See Water Supply and Irrigation Paper, U. S. G. S., No. 36, page 1S9.) 



90 

efficients in the weir formula, derived from Cornell University 
experiments No. 3,* and taking into consideration irregularities 
in the profile of the crest. 

A headrace at the left end of the dam diverts water to supply 
power to an electric light plant and waterworks pumping station. 
There are eight water wheels in use. A regular record of the 
run of the water wheels has not been kept, and the diversion for 
this purpose has been estimated from current meter measure- 
ments in the headrace. 



DATE. 


Working head 

on wheels 

(feet). 


Measured 

discharge 

(second-feet). 


1900. 


13 
14 


32$ 




352 







Three pairs of water wheels, which were running when each of 
the' above measurements was made, run twenty-four hours per 
day. Taking the average of the above measurements, and add- 
ing 105 second-feet for the additional pair of wheels, the diversion 
for water power has been taken at 450 second-feet as a round 
figure. 

The flow from an auxiliary spillway in the end of the headrace 
has been calculated from the weir" formula, using coefficients de- 
rived by Bazin for a dam having a similar crest section. 

Some uncertainty attaches to the record at this station during 
the spring months, owing to the carrying away of the flashboards 
by high-water at dates not definitely ascertained. 

In the accompanying tables of monthly and daily mean flow, no 
allowance has been made for diversion to the Oswego canal. 

*See Proc. Am. Soc. C. E., March, 1900, page 274. 



OL 



Table No. 21.— .V<<m Daily Flow of Oswego River at "High Dam," Two Utiles Above Oswego, 

I nhi,- feet /'< r Second. 

[Drainage area, 5,000 square miles.] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1897. 








12,150 
11,550 
10,950 


7,750* 
7,550 
7,250 
7,220 
6,900 
6,800 

6,600* 
6,400 
6,400 


4,500 
4,620 
4,620 
4,620 

4,520* 
4,520 
4,400 
4,400 
4,400 
4,400 


1,470 
2,650 

2,480 

2,480 
2,400 
2,150 
1,750 
1,820 
1,750 

2,300 
1,670 
1,480 
1,670 
1,830 
1,830 

1,980 
l,90u 
1,980 
1,830 
1,900 
1,670 

2,480 
2,660 
2,660 
3,500 
3,170 
3,240 


3,300* 

3,300 

3,300 
3,050 

2,870 

3,150 
2,330 
2,330 
2,500 
2,330 
2,450 

2,150 
2,500 
2,500 
2,330 
2,330 
2,250 
* 

2,000 
1,900 
1,900 
1,850 
1,850 
1,850 

1,760 
2,160 


1,760 

1,760 
1,670 

* 

1,550 
1,760 
1,670 
1,840 
1,670 
720 

1,100 
1.270 

1,150 

1,200 

1,020 

970 

* 

850 
880 
920 
920 
920 
1,100 

1,020 

1,350 

970 

1,050 


1,200 
1,150 

850 

1,050 

1,100 

1,100 

970 

920 

* 

1,050 
1,050 
960 
1,220 
1,100 
1,150 

750 


1,020 
1,260 
1,430 
1,430 

1,320 
1,130 

1,370 
1,430 
1,570 
1,430 
1,430 
1,320 
1,320* 

1,630 
1,750 
1,850 
2 (120 


3,000 
3,000 
3,220 
2,950 
3,850* 


2 








8 








4 .... 
















10.950 
10,950 
10,750 
11,650 


7 








3,620 
3,620 
4,400 


8 
















10 
















11,550* 
11,550 
11,550 
10,950 
10,950 
10,750 


4,800 

* 


ia 
















6,275 
6,150 

6,375* 
6,275 
6,275 
5,900 
5,650 
5,650 

5,520* 
5,250 
5,520 
5,250 
5,150 
5,150 

5,500* 

5; 500 


4,400* 
4,170 
4,170 
4,150 
3,900 
3,770 

3,610* 
3,070 
3,070 
2,870 
2,870 
2,670 

2,870* 
2,550 
2,970 
2,720 




14 








4,550 
5,500 
5,400 
5,500 
5,500 
* 


is 








16 
















18 








10,200* 










20 








9,550 
9,350 
9,250 
9,100 
8,900 
8,100* 
8,100 
8.100 
8,100 
8,060 
7,500 




21 








1,220 
1,220 

1,150 
1,100 
1,050 
1,100 
1,020 
1,020 


* 
2,120 
1,850 
8,130 

2,120 
2,120 
2,870 

* 

3,650 
3,650 




23 










23 










24 








3,630 
3,200 

* 


25 








26 








27 








8,850 
3,420 
2,900 
3,620 
3,430 


28 








29 








30 








31 
































10,048 


6,166 


3,801 


2,174 


2,370 


1,244 


1,076 


1,821 


4,168 












1898. 
1 


2,600 


5,520 
5,520 
5,520 
5,000 
5,000 
* 

5^526 

5,000 
5,100 
5,100 
5,100 
6,550 

* 

'5*400 
5,100 
4,600 
6,750 
7,080 
7,080 

'7*356 
7,350 
7,750 
8,150 
8,150 
8,150 


10,350 
10,200 
9,900 
9,600 
9,250 

'8*820 
8,960 
8,960 
8,960 
9,100 
9,400 

io'aoo 

10,350 
10,350 
10,550 
10,350 
10,350 

10*350 

10,550 
10,550 
10,350 
10,350 
10,200 

"9*880 
9,880 
9,750 
9,750 


9,400 
9,250 

8,750 
8,620 
8,300 
8,080 
7,800 
7,500 

7,370 
6,950 
6,650 
6,650 
6,420 
6,420 

6,0S0 
5,900 
6,700 
6,000 
5,900 
5,900 
* 

"8'680 
8,500 
8.960 
9,100 
8,900 
8,850 


* 
8,250 
8,080 
8,850 
8,900 
8,960 
9,120 

9,120 
8,960 
8,670 

8,370 
8,370 
8,280* 


6,430 

6,540' 
5,630 
5,630* 
5,630 
5,630 
4,880 
4,880 
4,650 
4,650 
4,650* 
4,400 
4,170 
4,100 


2,780 
2.7S0 

1,480 

1,200* 
1,200 
1,330 
1,950 
1,950 


780 

780 

780 

1,200 

950 

850 

850* 

1,070 

850 

859 

770 

680 

630 

900* 

680 

850 

850 

850 

850 

850 

760* 

900 

850 

760 

830 

1,480 

1,320 

1,320* 

1,320 

1,130 

1,130 


1,480 
1.4S0 
1,400 

950* 
1,330 
1,260 
1,260 
1,770 
1,700 
1,770 
1,480* 
1,630 
1,770 
1,480 
1,330 
1,330 
1,760 
1,200* 
1,200 
1,200 
1,200 
1,200 
1,200 
1,330 
1,400* 

930 
1,330 


'*470* 

1,470 
1,400 

1*330 

1,400* 
1,260 
1,200 
1,200 
860 

1,770* 
1,630 
1,770 
1,770 
1,950 
1,950 

2,460* 
2,850 
2,850 
2,920 
3.050 


3,250 
3,250 
3,250 
3,250 

3,050* 
3,220 
3,050 
3,250 
4,800 
4,900 

5,800* 
5,800 
5,530 
5,300 
5,200 
5,050 

' 5*050* 
5.050 
5,300 
4,900 
4,770 
4,770 

4,580* 
4,580 
4,350 
4,350 


3,900 
3,900 


2 


3 


3,000 
2,600 
3,320 
2,900 
3,430 
3,220 


4 


4,700* 


5 


3,900 


6 


3,450 
3,900 
3,350 
3,150 


8 


9 


10 


2.S20 
2,520 
3,220 
4,770 
5,100 
5,500 




11 


3,260* 


12 


3,260 


13 


2,300 


14 


2,100 


15 


2,470 


16 


2,650 


17 


6,280 
5,400 
5,400 
5,400 
6,150 
6,400 


7,370 
7,370 

* 
6,850 


3,770 
3,770 
3,500* 
3,500 
3,500 
3,300 
3,300 
3,170 






18 

19 


2,850* 
2,650 


20 


2,850 


21 


3,900 


22 


4,580 


23 


5,630 


24 


7,880 
7,880 
5,950 
7,600 
6,550 
6,550 
* 




25 


5,800* 


26 


6,670 


* 




5,800 


27 


5,650 


28 


6,550 


2,970 
2,850 
2,780 




1,200 3,360 
1,330 | 3,250 
1,400 * 


4,770 


29 


5,300 


30 


5,300 


31 


4,550 






3,250 
















4,896 


6,238 


9,898 


7,578 


8,161 


S,331 


1,834 


925 


1,377 


2,018 


4,452 


8,899 



"■ouiidays. 



92 



Table No. 21.— Mean Daily Flow of Oswego River at "High Dam," Two Miles Above Oswego, Cubio 
Feet Per Second.— (Concluded). 

[Drainage area, 5,000 square miles.] 



1899. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1 


4,450* 
4,020 
4,450 
5,170 


2,750 
2,570 
2,750 

- 2,'370* 
2,370 
2,300 
1,070 
530 
630 


3,670 
3,900 
4,190 
4,120 
5,050* 
850 
5,300 
4,800 
4,580 
4,580 


6,300 

6,550 
6,550 
6,550 
6,550 
6,300 

8,530* 

8,250 

8,530 

8,800 

8,800 

8,550 

8,530* 

8,530 

8,530 

8,250 

8,530 

7,670 


9,600 
9,600 
9,600 

8,650 

6,950* 
8,080 
7,520 
6,960 
6,960 

6,150* 
6,150 
6,420 
6,420 
6,420 
6,150 

6,150* 
6,150 
6,150 
6,150 
5,630 
5,400 

5,400* 
5,400 
5,400 
5,400 


5,370 
5,370 


1,000* 


580 
650 
650 
650 

650* 
650 
545 
650 
580 
650 

5S0* 

540 

580 

650 

650 

450 

450* 

540 

650 

580 

540 

580 

580 

540* 

540 

990 

800 

650 


670 

450* 
580 
540 
510 
650 
540 

2,670* 
510 
450 
520 
650 
480 
450 
* 

480 
540 
450 
480 

450* 
540 
540 
540 
540 
540 


540* 
650 
650 
580 
580 
580 

■■: 
540 
540 
540 
540 
- 480 
510 

* 

510 
480 
580 
460 
540 

650* 
650 
650 
580 
540 
650 

900* 
650 
650 


1,100 
1,100 
1,350 

1,450* 
1,500 
1,350 

980 
1,350 

980 

1,350* 
980 

1,100 
980 
980 
980 

1,100* 
980 

1,100 
980 
980 

980 
980 
980 
780 


650 


2 


3 


980* 
980 
780 
980 
900 
980 


4 


4,400* 
4,400 
3,950 
1,230 
1,000 
■780 

900* 

900 

720 

1,800 

1,800 

1,800 

1,800* 
1,650 
1,650 
1,500 
1,500 
1,230 

1,500* 
1,800 
1,500 

780 
720 


1,000 

1,000 

780 

650 

1,000* 
900 

1,000 
780 
780 
650 

900* 
720 
650 
650 
650 
580 

650* 
650 
580 

650 
580. 

580* 
580 


5 


6 


5,580 
4,700 
4,100* 
3,250 
3,050 
3,250 
3,250 
3,900 


7 


8 


9 


10 


1,860* 
1,100 


11 


12 


630* 
1,630 
1,950 
2,370 
2,660 
2,470 


5,050* 
5,050 
4,800 
4,900 
5,050 
4,900 


13 


1,100 
1,500 
1,500 


14 


15 


5,530* 
5,650 
5,650 
5,280 
5,170 
5,280 


16 


17 


2,500* 
2,500 


18 


19.. 


2,470* 

2,750 

2,850 

3,260 

3,260 

3,260 


4,580* 
4,580 
4,700 


20 

21 


2,500 
2,700 
2,500 


22 


4,780* 

4,780 

4,580 

5,050 

5,180 

2,300 

3,050 

2,300* 

2,650 

2,650 


23 


5,050 

4,900 


7,550* 
7,200 
6,820 
6,820 
6,680 
6,820 

9,900* 


24 


2,500* 
2,500 
1,500 
1,500 


25 


26 


3,910* 
3,800 
3,800 


5,650* 
5,650 
5,550 
6,550 
6,830 
6,830 


27 

28 


29 


780 


30 


1 820 


31 


* 










4,252 


2,475 


4,874 


7,684 


6,754 


2,002 


748 

2,000* 
1,840 
1,060 
1,410 
2,150 
3,500 

6:"i0* 
580 
460 
580 
550 
510 


612 

650 
720 
980 

780* 
650 
650 
720 
650 
650 
650 
650* 
650 


615 


585 


1,095 

1,220 

1,220 

980 

'^220 
1,220 
1,220 
1,500 
1,220 
1,650 

'i,'566 


1,612 


1900. 
1 


1,820 
1,360 
1,360 
1,820 
1,500 


2,880 
2,880 

4,600* 
3,700 
3,250 
3,700 
5,050 
5,300 


4,140 
1,970 
3,930 
3,930* 
4,600 
4,600 
4,800 
4,600 
4,600 


11,600 
12,250 
12,250 
12,250 
12,600 
12,600 

17,550* 
16,800 
16,450 
16,040 
16,040 
16,040 

151330* 
14,940 
14,940 
14,600 
14,250 
14,600 

14,250* 
13,850 
13,850 
12,780 
12,450 
12,450 

12,100* 

11,780 


11,480 
11,150 
10,550 
9,900 
9,600 
8,980* 
8,980 
9,900 
8.980 
8,670 
8,670 
8,080 
* 

8,080 
7,800 
7,250 
7,250 
6,950 

6,420* 
6,420 
5,900 
6,420 
5,900 
5,530 
5,150 
5,150* 
5,150 
4,880 
4,880 


4,880 

4,880 

4,650* 

4,180 

3,980 

3,980 

3,980 

4,180 

3,500 

3,800* 

3,300 

3,080 

3,080 

3,080 

2,880 

3,500* 
2,880 
2,700 
2,700 
2,500 
2,320 

2,320* 
1,840 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 


650* 
650 
650 
650 
720 
720 

720* 
650 
650 
580 
580 
580 

650* 
580 
580 
580 
780 
780 

780* 
550 
720 
780 
780 

720* 


720 
780 
780 
780 
780 

900* 

900 

900 

900 

900 

980 




2 




3 




4 








7 


1,820* 
1,82./ 
2,150 
1,820 
1,820 




8 




9 


"* 


10 




11 


5,550* 

7,960 

6,320 

7,130 

6,320 

6,850 

6,050 

6,050* 

'M50' 
5,050 
5,350 
4,600 

1,970* 
1,360 
2,880 
1,820 


4,140* 
4,350 
4,140 
4,350 
4,350 
4,140 

3,930* 
4,140 
4,140 
4,600 
5,300 
5.550 
6,600 
6,320* 
6,600 
6,600 
6,850 
7,670 
8,820 




12 












1,970* 
1,970 
1,650' 


720* 
720 
780 
780 
980 

780 
780* 
780 
980 
900 
780 
900 

900* 
980 
980 
980 


1,500 
1,500 
1,500 




15 


780* 
720 
780 
780 
780 
780 

780* 
720 
720 
9C0 
780 
720 
720 
580* 
580 
650 


980 
580 
650 

650* 
720 
650 
650 
580 
580 

720* 
580 
580 
550 
550 
650 




16 


' * 


17 




18 


2,720 
3,250 


1,500* 
1,500 
1,650 
1,820 
1,650 
1,650 




19 




20 




21 


6,320* 
6,600 
6,320 
5,800 
5,550 
2,880 




22... 




23 


* 


24 




25 


2,880* 
5,050 
5,800 
5,800 
6,850 




26 




27 




28 


4,140* 
3,700 
3,700 




29 




30 


* 


31 .... 


6,850 






















3,077 


4,653 


4,991 


14,025 


7,645 


3,132 


966 


669 


670 


853 


2,418 





* Sundays. 



93 






14,000 



1,000 



3,000 



4,000 



JAN. 
10 20 


rtB 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC 
10 20 




































































































































































1 








































































1 
















1 


B9 


7 






















































































































1 


f 
































































1 
































r 


I! 




















" r " ~tppp*: 



Fio. No. 42. — Discharge of Oswego River at High Dam, three miles from Lake Ontario at Oswego 

Oswego County, N. Y.; 1897. 



Sec. ft. 

16,000 

14,000 
12,000 


JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV 
10 20 


DEC 
10 20 








































































































































































































































1 


f 




















1 


B9 


8 
































S,000 












i i 


' 














































4,000 








m 1 






T3 

L 
O 

o 

<u 

a. 





o 

EC 






















IS 










1 " 




o 

z 




o 


















i 


1 


1 


F 





















































rw 



Fia. No. 43.— Discharge of Oswego River at High Dam, three miles from Lake Ontario at Oswego, 
Oswego County, N. Y., 1898. 






94 




2,000 



Fig. No. 44.— Discharge of Oswego River at High Dam, three miles from Lake Ontario at Oswego, 

Oswego County, N. Y., 1899. 



Soc. ft. 

16,000 



14,000 



12,000 



10,000 



8,000 



6,000 



4,000 



2,000 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
1 10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 




















n 




















- 








































































































































































































1! 


30 


















































































































































































































































































Fig. No. 45.— Discharge of Oswego River at High Dam, three miles from Lake Ontario at Oswego, 

Oswego County, "N. Y., 1900. 



95 



Mean Monthly Run-Off of Oswego River at High Dam, Oswego County, X. Y. 
[Drainage area, 3,000 square miles.] 

MEAN MONTHLY FLOW IN SECOND-FEET. 



January .. 
February.. 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August .... 
September 
October . . . 
Npvember. 
December 



Year. 



10,048 
6,166 
3,801 
2,174 
2,370 
1,244 
1,076 
l,82l 
4,168 



1898. 1899 



4,896 
6,238 
9,898 
7,578 
8,161 
8,331 
1,834 
925 
1,377 
2,018 
4,452 
3,899 



4,252 

2,475 

4,874 

7,684 

6,754 

2,002 

748 

612 

615 

585 

1,095 

1,612 



1900. 



3,077 

4,653 

4,991 

14,025 

7,645 

3,132 

966 

669 

670 

583 

2,418 



SECOND-FEET PER SQUARE MILE. 



MONTH. 


1897. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 






0.98 
1.24 
1.99 
1.51 
1.63 
1.66 
0.36 
0.18 
0.27 
0.40 
89 
0.78 


0.85 
0.49 
0.97 
1.53 
1.35 
0.40 
0.15 
0.12 
0.12 
0.11 
0.22 
0.32 


0.61 






0.93 






0.99 


April 


2.00 
1.23 
0.76 
0.43 
0.47 
0.25 
0.21 
0.36 
0.83 


2.80 




1.53 




0.62 


July 


0.19 




0.13 




0.13 




0.17 




0.48 































INCHES ON DRAINAGE AREA. 



MONTH. 


1897. 


1898. 

1.13 
1.29 
2.29 
1.68 
1.78 
1.85 
0.41 
0.20 
O.SO 
0.46 
0.99 
0.90 


1899. 


1900. 






0.98 

0.51 

1.12 

1.70 

155 

0.44 

0.17 

0.14 

0.133 

0.24 

0.36 


0.70 






0.96 






1.14 




2 23 
1.78 
0.85 
0.49 
0.54 
0.28 
0.24 
0.40 
0.95 


3.12 




1.76 




0.69 


July 


0.22 




0.15 




0.14 




0.19 




0.53 































SALMON RIVER ABOVE PULASKI, OSWEGO COUNTY, 

N. Y. 

A current meter station was established on this stream Sep- 
tember 5. The station is located at a highway bridge, two miles 
from the village of Pulaski, The stream bed is of gravel, the 



96 



banks are bold and the channel bottom nearly flat. The gauge 
board is attached to the center pier of the bridge, and readings 
are taken twice daily, at 6 a. m. and at 7 p. m. The mean of the 
two observations for each day is shown in the table. A current 
meter measurement, made on September 4, showed a discharge 
of 103 second-feet. The mean gauge reading during the measure- 
ment was 1.03. 

There are three water-power dams at Pulaski, furnishing power 
to fourteen establishments. The total effective head obtained 
varies with the stage of the stream from 21 feet to 36 feet. There 
is an undeveloped power, with a precipitous fall of 110 feet, at 
Salmon Falls. A gauging station was established by the water- 
supply division of the United States Board of Engineers on Deep 
Waterways at an old wooden dam one mile above these falls, in 
November, 1898, but was abandoned June, 1899, on account of 
leakage of the dam. A description of this station may be found 
in Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 3i6, page 190. The 
drainage above the abandoned gauging station is 191 square 
miles, while that above the bridge station near Pulaski is 264 
square miles. 

Table No. 22.— Daily Gauge Height of Salmon River at Pulaski, Oswego County, N. Y., for 1900. 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1 , 


















1.6 
1.5 
1.3% 
1.2% 

1.2 

1.0% 

1.1 

1.3% 

1.8% 

1.8 

1.6 

1.5' 

1.4 

1.4 

1.3 

1.4 

1.4 

1.4 

1.3% 

1.3% 

1.3 

1.2% 

1-2% 

1.4% 

2.00 

1.9% 

1.8% 

1.8% 

1.7 

1.7% 

1.7% 


1.2 
1.2 
1.8% 




2 „ 


































































5 


















1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

0.9 

0.9 

0.9 

0.9 

0.9% 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

2.13^ 

2.2% 

1.7% 

1.6% 

1.5% 

1.3]4 

1-2% 

1-2% 

1.2% 

1.4% 






6 






















7 






















8..... 






















9 






















10... 






















11 






















12 






















IS 






















14 


































































17 






















18 ... 






















19............ 






















20... 






















21 






















22..., 






















23 






















24 






















25 






















26................ 






















27...... 






















28 .... 






















29 






















30 






















31 














































piG. No. 46.— Timber dam at Sauquoit Creek gauging station, Oneida County, N. Y. 



97 



SAUQUOIT CREEK AT NEW 5TORK MILLS. ONEIDA 
COUNTY, N. V. 

This stream rises in Oneida county and flows in a northerly 
direction, emptying into Mohawk river. It is shown in a part of 
its course on the Oriskany topographic sheet of the United States 
Geological Survey. Observations of flow are made at the dam 
which furnishes power to the upper, or No. 3 mill, of the New 
York mills. 

The dam is of earth with plank facing, having a spillway 105.8 
feet in length. The profile of the crest is somewhat irregular, 
and, in order to facilitate computation, has been divided into nine 
parts. Each part is assumed to have a horizontal crest line. 

In the mill are tw T o 27-inch Hercules turbines, which are run 
night and day a large part of the year. 

During the summer but little water flows over the dam, the 
entire volume being used to drive the water wheels in the adjoin- 
ing cotton mills. 

The leakage of the dam was measured by current meter, May 
31, and found to be 5.6 second-feet. 

This station was abandoned October 1, 1900. 

(See Water Supply and Irrigation Paper, U. S. G. S., No. 35, page 48.) 

Mean Monthly Run-Off of Sauquoit Creek at Neiv York Mills, Oneida County, N. Y. 
[Drainage area, 52 square ruiles.l 



MONTH. 


SECOND-FEET. 


SECOND-FEET 
PER SQUARE MILE. 


INCHES ON 
DRAINAGE AREA. 




1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 

0.52 
1.08 
1.10 
1.10 


1899. 

1.12 
1.12 

2.15 
2.47 
0.74 
0.45 
0.39 
0.31 
0.26 
0.33 
0.50 
56 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 






58 
58 
111 
127 
38 
23 
20 
16 
14 
17 
26 
29 


72 
146 
84 
138 
49 
32 
32 
22 
15 


1.40 
2.83 
1.65 
2.68 
0.95 
0.62 
0.62 
0.43 
0.29 


0.58 
1.24 
1.23 
1.26 


1.29 
1.16 
2.48 
2.75 
0.85 
0.50 
0.45 
0.36 
0.29 
0.38 
0.56 
0.64 


1.61 






3 94 






1 90 






2 99 






1.09 






69 


July . . . . 




71 






0.49 




27 

56 
57 
57 


0.32 



















98 



Table No. 23. — Mean Daily Flow of Sauquoit Creek at New York Mills [No. 3J, Cubic Feet Per 

Second. 

[Drainage area, 51.5 square niiles.J 



DAY. 


Jan. . 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1898. 
1 




















16 

27 

18 

31 

54 

35 

23 

23* 

35 

52 

46 

46 

46 

144 
80* 

105 

105 
60 
36 
38 
42 
73* 
71 
48 
59 

140 
74 
68 
66* 
57 


42 

43 

38 

36 

32 

59* 

38 

36 

38 
132 
140 

58 

69* 

62 

52 

49 

49 

49 

43 

95* 

46 

61 

69 

76 

42 

66 

62* 

86 

43 

42 


49 


3 




















44 






















34 


4 


















* 


50* 


5 




















46 






















42 


7 




















44 


8 




















49 


9 




















42 


10 




















28 


11 


















* 


22* 


12 , 




















42 


13 




















42 


14 




















36 


15 




















37 


16 




















42 


17 




















34 


18 


















* 


30* 


19 




















42 


20 


















18 

26 

18 

16 

22 

37* 

30 

40 

40 

30 

21 


38 


21 


















76 


22 


















104 


23 


















288 


24 


















99 


25 


















76* 


26 


















62 


27 


















46 


28 


















44 


29 


















38 


30 


















74 


31 


















52 










































27 


56 


57 


57 






















1899. 
1 


72* 
158 

58 
111 
140 

74 

50 

13* 

58 

38 

30 

36 

54 

41 
185* 

57 

68 

48 

30 

36 

42 

13* 

48 

52 

44 

44 

42 

14 

59* 

36 

30 


42 

36 

38 

18 

40* 

36 

36 

26 

30 

21 
6 

65* 

35 

35 

29 

29 

33 

37 

13* 

48 

58 
409 
100 

62 

50 

65* 
173 

62 


77 

48 

48 

42 
480* 
109 

72 

73 

62 

60 

85 
300* 

87 

85 

82 

71 

50 

43 
447* 

80 

65 

87 

90 

90 

55 

95* 

69 

79 

76 

71 

78 


45 

40* 

57 

73 
104 
165 
188 

47 
156* 
100 
144 
160 
585 
350 
253 
228* 
122 
118 
119 

98 

90 

53 

86* 

59 

80 

76 

58 

54 

43 

50* 


56 
50 
48 
36 
33 
28 
26* 
47 
. 35 
26 
30 
50 
25 
9* 
47 
36 
52 
47 
51 
52 
12* 
52 
35 
36 
29 
33 
20 
40* 
42 
42 
43 


42 
34 
18 
30* 
42 
56 
48 
39 
23 
■84 
13* 
28 
20 
19 
30 
34 
38 
7* 
30 
30 
23 
21 
25 
23 
23* 
26 
20 
19 
20 
21 


12 

27 
10 
30 
27 
18 
16 
25* 
31 
30 
27 
19 
22 
13 
30* 
23 
27 
27 
19 
11 
3 

27 
30 
22 
27 
11 
14 

27 


17 
11 
43 
30 

12 

26 
25 

22 


18 
5 

33 
32 
6 
21 
12 
* 


29 
24 
21 
15 
16 

8 

13* 
18 
18 
18 
18 
16 

7 

13* 
18 
15 
16 
18 
14 
12 
18* 
24 
18 
22 
19 
15 

7 

19* 
32 
26 


53 

42 

21 

26 

29* 

32 

32 

24 

24 

19 

29 

29* 

29 

24 

24 

21 

24 

21 

24* 

26 

26 

26 

25 

21 

18 

22* 

24 

24 

21 

21 


19 


2 


13 


3 


23* 


4 


32 


5 


22 


6 


26 


7 


26 


8 


19 


9 


12 


10 


14* 


11 


25 
14 

* 

25 
21 
18 

5 
18 

5 
* 

22 
19 
16 
5 
15 
10 

22 
30 
18 
5 


22 
19 
19 

8 

5 
15 

19 
19 
13 

14 
21 
10 

* 

22 
15 
22 
13 
18 
10 


16 


12 


72 


13 


64 


14 


38 


15 


32 


16 


35 


17 


35* 


18 


38 


19 


32 


ao 


42 


21 


54 


22 


35 


23 


32 


24 


30* 


25 


25 


26 


32 


27 


28 


28 


16 


29 


19 


30 


13 




14* 








58 


58 


111 


127 


3S 


23 


20 


16 


14 


17 


26 


29 



s Sunday. 



1)1) 



Table No. 33.— .Mean Daily ^F low of Sauquoit Creek at New York Mills [No. 3], Cubic Feet Per 

s, ,,,nd— (Concluded). 









[Drainage 


area, 51 


.5 square miles.] 










DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1900. 


86 
46 
46 
40 
40 
17 
25* 
50 
36 
42 
40 
46 
18 
9* 

eo 

43 
50 
50 
3U6 
272 
117* 
92 
97 
115 
95 
65 
22 
68* 
83 
91 
63 


S7 

97 
45* 
69 
-,->. 
67 
147 
495 
65 
67* 
172 
1,413 
130 
92 
68 
37 
55* 
74 
68 
68 
379 
392 
34 
13* 
80 
47 
74 


69 
81 
35 
21* 
81 
71 
89 
89 
86 
38 
17* 
74 
74 
68 
68 
63 
42 
13* 
68 
371 
95 
93 
93 
55 
67* 
89 
68 
87 
86 
199 
165 


207* 
337 
267 
18S 
135 

91 
269 
207* 
103 

87 

87 
113 

95 

87 
135* 

85 
207 
297 
170 

95 
193 
295* 

95 
103 

91 

87 

87 

49 

55* 

91 


81 
81 
81 
87 
30 
43* 
87 
81 
81 
74 
77 
41 
55* 
87 
65 
26 
35 
35 
21 
29* 
35 
35 
35 
35 
35 
14 
83* 
28 
22 
5 
35 


42 

20 

29* 

42 

42 

85 

29 

40 

24 

17* 

42 

46 

41 

25 

32 

24 

5* 
29 
41 
38 
38 
25 
27 

5* 
32 
38 
25 
82 
57 
33 


5* 
38 
38 

rj 

38 
86 
84 

9* 
65 
65 
28 
32 
32 
22 

5* 
42 
35 
35 
28 
32 
33 

5* 
38 
38 
48 
42 
32 
22 

5* 
38 
35 


23 
23 
34 
10 

5* 
SO 
23 
23 
20 
17 
15 

5* 
23 
20 
17 
20 
20 
87 

5* 
SO 
18 
20 
17 
17 
18 

5* 
30 
37 
35 
35 
37 


27 

5* 

5 
2S 
23 
17 
20 
26 

5* 
23 
37 

5 

5 

10 
17 

5* 
13 
17 
17 
17 
17 
13 

9* 
13 
17 
13 
17 
13 
13 

5* 








o 








s 








4 
































8 .. 








') 








10 








11 . 








12 








13 








14 








15 






16... 








17 








18 








19 








20... 








21 








22 








23 








24 








25 








26 








27 








28 








29 








30... 








31 




















72 


146 


84 


138 


49 


32 


32 


22 


15 

















' Sunday. 



See. ft. 

soo 

700 
600 
500 
400 
300 
200 
100 
1 


JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
' 10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
I0 2O 






























































































































































































































































1 


39 


8 








































































































































































































































L 


1 


































































4 


i 


1 


I 


1 


t 


■ 


. 


i 



Fig. No. 47.— Discharge of Sauquoit Creek at New York Mills (No. 3), Oneida County, N. Y., 1898. 



100 



See. ft. 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10.20 


MAY 
10 20 


| JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUO. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 






















































































































































































































1 


BS 


9 


























































































































































































































lu 




























ll 












k 


H 


J 


k 


k 


k 



Fig. No. 48.— Discharge of Sauquoit Creek at New York Mills (No. 3), Oneida County, N. Y., 1899. 



Sec. ft. 
800 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB 
10 2C 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 








«i 














































































































































































































































1 


30 































































































































































































































































































M 

























Fig. No. 49.— Discharge of Sauquoit Creek at New York Mills (No. 3), Oneid County, N. Y., 1900. 



101 



SCHOHARIE CREEK AT ERIE CANAL AQUEDUCT, MOM 
GOMERY COUNTY, N. Y. 

The Erie canal crosses Schoharie creek between Fort Hunter 
dam and Mohawk river. A gauging record was established at 
the aqueduct May 2, 1900, and a current meter measurement of 
the flow through the arch ways of the canal aqueduct was then 
made. Gauge height, 2.26 feet, discharge, 1,257 second-feet. 

Owing to cross currents above the aqueduct, conditions are 
not favorable for meter measurements at this point. The station 
was abandoned October 13. This record is chiefly of interest in 
connection with slope measurements of Mohawk river described 
elsewhere. 



Table No. 21 


— Daily Gauge Height of Schoharie Creek at Fort Hunter for 1900. 




DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1 










2.24 
2.20 
3.14 
2.10 
2.00 
1.10 
2.00 
1.97 
2.00 
1.10 
1.97 
1.89 
1.76 
1.70 
1.67 
1.58 
1.52 
1.47 
1.98 
2.84 
2.43 
2.14 
1.93 
1.87 
1.80 
1.67 
1.40 
1.47 
1.45 
1.40 


1.38 

1.47 

1.76 

1.62 

0.94 

0.95 

0.87 

0.90 

1.90 

1.84 

1.80 

1.40 

1.68 

1.40 

1.13 

1.20 

0.82 

.71 

.82 

.70 

.72 

.70 

.67 

.60 

.60 

.60 

.60 

.62 

.61 

.60 


0.60 
.62 
.58 
.60 
60 
.57 
.56 
.50 
.43 
.52 
.60 
.63 
.64 
.60 
.54 
.53 
.58 
.56 
.60 
.61 
.63 
.65 
.62 
.68 
.71 
.73 
.78 
.72 
.60 
.63 
.64 


0.67 

.65 
.64 
.63 
.62 
.61 
.52 
.52 
.51 
.50 
.52 
.53 
.52 
.57 
.54 
.53 
1.43 
1.32 
1.92 
0.97 
.78 
.71 
.68 
.64 
.63 
.54 
.53 
.54 
.53 
.53 
.54 


0.54 
.53 
.54 
.53 
.54 
.54 
.53 
.54 
.64 
.64 
.65 
.65 
.65 
.64 
.65 
.64 
.65 
.65 
.65 
.65 
.65 
.65 
.64 
.62 
.53 
.56 
.57 
.53 
.52 
.53 


0.53 
.54 
.51 
.53 
.58 
.61 
.62 
.58 
.54 
.52 
.59 
.56 
.57 






2... 














3. .. 















4 




























6 




























8 














9 










































12 














13 














14 














15 
































17 
















18 
















19 
















20 
















21 
















22 
















23 
















24 
















25 
















26 
















27 
















28 
















29 
















30 
















31 



































SCHOHARIE CREEK AT FORT HUNTER DAM, MONTGOM- 
ERY COUNTY, N. Y. 

Schoharie creek finds its origin in the western slope of the 
Catskill mountains. In its lower stages it flows through a long 
flat valley in a stream bed covered with rip-rap, over which the 
water finds its way in a thin sheet, during the dry season. 

The State dam at Fort Hunter is near the mouth of the stream, 
and high water from the Mohawk river backs up to the toe of the 



102 



dam. The condition existing at this station during the summer 
months has been described in connection with the Mohawk river 
gaugings. A record has been kept of the elevation of the water 
surface in the pond above the dam, and also in the channel below 
the dam. The average difference, or head, is 5.25 feet, and is 
nearly constant, except when water falls below the crest level 
above the dam. 

The dam is of timber, backed with gravel, and there are a num- 
ber of leaks above the gravel line, two feet below the crest. This 
leakage represents practically the total inflow from Schoharie to 
the Mohawk during the summer. Current meter measurements 
of the leakage were made below the Erie canal aqueduct at a 
point where the entire flow is concentrated in a narrow channel. 



DATE. 


Hydrographer. 


Measured 

leakage 

(second-feet). 


1900. 


R. E. Horton 


30 


July 18 


E . D. Walker 


38 




E. D. Walker 


44 









The leakage of the dam has been assumed constantly equal to 
35 second-feet in computing the record. 

The intention in establishing this station was to maintain a 
record of the water height above and below the head-gates at the 
entrance to the canal feeder, from which the effective head of the 
gate openings could be determined, and the flow computed by the 
formula for . submerged orifices. During the dry season, the 
water falls below the lip of the gates and flows in an open chan- 
nel, making this method inapplicable. In recomputing the record, 
the diversion to the canal feeder has been estimated from current 
meter measurements, made as follows: 



DATE. 


Hydrographer. 


Measured flow 

in feeder 
(second-feet). 


1900. 


R. E. Horton 


112 


July 18 


E D. Walker 


7& 




E. D. Walker 


73 









Inflow to the Erie canal is controlled by gates at the lower end 
of the feeder channel, so that the flow in the feeder is not directly 




Fig. No. 50.— Fort Hunter dam on Schoharie creek, Montgomery County, N. Y., during 

low water. 



103 



a function of the stage of -the water. Owing to uncertainty of the 
low-water measurements, this station was abandoned July 31. 

The accompanying tables show the total outgo from the pond 
above Fort Hunter dam. A table of flow as originally computed, 
allowing 315 second-feet for leakage, may be found in Water- 
Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 35, page 55. 

Table Xo. 25.— .Mean Daily Flow, Schoharie Creek at Fort Hunter, Montgomery County, N. 1"., 

Cubic Feet Per Second. 

[Drainage area 947 square miles.] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dee. 


1898. 




















161 

161 

161 

161 

1,661 

3,211 

1,361 

791 

1,761 

791 

611 

611 

581 

1,661 

2,136 

2,461 

711 

791 

861 

791 

791 

791 

1,061 

861 

861 

861 

1,361 

2,261 

1,911 

1,561 

1,661 


1,617 

1,717 

917 

917 

767 

767 

847 

767 

667 

5,067 

9,517 

5,767 

2,917 

2,967 

2,417 

1,817 

1,517 

1,517 

2,417 

3,967 

2,842 

2,067 

1,967 

1,967 

1,517 

1,517 

1,217 

917 

767 

767 


1,139 


2 




















► 939 






















1,339 























1,439 






















1,839 






















1,639 






















1,839 






















1,839 






















1,739 






















1,239 






















939 






















1,639 




















1,539 






















1,639 






















1,539 






















1,639 






















1,339 






















1,539 


















859 






















689 






















814 






















1,639 






















2,639 

2,089 

3,289 

814 


24... 


















129 
129 
129 
129 
129 
129 
129 


25.. 


















26... 


















27 


















1,539 


28 


















1,539 


29... 


















939 


30... 


















1,239 




















3,864 










































129 


1,142 


2,148 


1,573 






















1899. 
1 


1,741 
1,641 
1,641 
941 
5,791 
4,791 
3,541 
3,141 
3,541 
2,241 
1,991 
1,641 
1,841 
1,841 
2,091 
2,341 
3,291 
2,741 
2,291 
2,341 
1,991 
1,641 
1,541 
1,541 
2,741 
1,991 
2,091 
1,841 
1,541 
1,641 
1,541 


1,651 

1,351 

1,651 

1,251 

1,251 

951 

951 

851 

901 

901 

651 

851 

657 

701 

801 

951 

951 

1.551 

1,751 

1,551 

3,151 

2,876 

3,407 

3,726 

3,726 

4,301 

4,885 

6,035 


4,915 
3,655 
3,165 
2,935 
6,635 

13,635 
6,235 
3,435 
2,935 
3,535 
4,085 
7,685 

11,135 
4,455 
3,175 
2,635 
2,235 
2,035 
2,335 
2,515 
2,775 
2,775 
2,775 
2,635 
2,515 
2,335 
2,035 
2,135 
1,435 
1,335 
1,435 


1.335 
1,335 
1,335 
2,135 
2,785 
3,185 
3,655 
7,685 
5,335 
3,655 
4,585 
5,735 
7,685 
7,635 
9,335 
7,685 
5,215 
4,085 
4,385 
3,812 
3,532 
2,342 
3,532 
3,342 
3,193 
3,883 
2,633 
2,698 
2.298 
2,948 


1,515 
1 460 
1,560 
1,140 
860 
860 
710 
585 
585 
610 
440 
440 
340 
260 
260 
340 
480 
585 
510 
585 
585' 
510 
440 
340 
340 
260 
260 
260 
340 
260 
260 


295 

295 
395 
395 
295 
295 
295 
225 
205 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 
195 


182 
178 
182 
182 
185 
185 
190 
195 
198 
185 
182 
190 
198 
202 
203 
198 
202 
202 
195 
195 
190 
185 
185 
165 
198 
190 
185 
182 
190 
190 
190 


148 
152 
145 
138 
143 
145 
148 
138 
138 
135 
138 
138 
132 
132 
135 
138 
138 
138 
142 
145 
142 
148 
148 
142 
145 
148 
142 
148 
145 
148 
145 


148 
148 
145 
145 
148 
148 
148 
142 
152 
152 
152 
148 
148 
145 
145 
142 
138 
145 
145 
148 
148 
148 
148 
148 
152 
182 
6,984 
6,126 
5,740 
4,790 


3,867 

1,967 

1,767 

2,247 

2,467 

1,967 

1,767 

1,547 

1,767 

967 

967 

1,547 

1,547 

1,967 

1,547 

2,247 

967 

797 

587 

967 

797 

587 

967 

797 

1,967 

1,767 

2,147 

1,547 

1,967 

2,147 

1,547 


935 
1,615 
1,515 
935 
935 
765 
935 
-935 
785 
765 
935 
1,615 
1,835 
1,515 
1,515 
935 
935 
765 
765 
765 
635 
635 
453 
453 
515 
455 
425 
335 
335 
295 


+ 


2 




S 




4 




5 




6 








8 




9 




10 




11 




12 




13 




14 




15 




16 




17 




18 




19 




20 




21 




22 




23 




24 




25 




26 




27 




28 




29 




30 




81... 










Mean 


2,307 


1,944 


3,792 


4,100 


579 


226 


187 


142 


916 


1,603 


875 





104 



Table No. 35— Mean Daily Flow, Schoharie Creek at Fort Hunter, Montgomery County, N. Y. 
Cubic Feet Per Second.— (Concluded). 

[Drainage area, 94? square miles.] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb.* 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1900. 
1 


735 

735 

575 

575 

435 

315 

435 

315 

485 

435 

315 

365 

485 

575 

435 

575 

575 

735 

2,785 

4,595 

8,235 

4,595 

3,465 

3,145 

1,325 

735 

735 

485 

575 

485 

435 




3,465 
7,335 
7,515 
6,785 
5,585 
2,485 
3,335 
3,335 
3,035 
2,740 
3,335 
3,035 
2,775 
2,355 
2,255 
2,015 
1,885 
1,755 
1,755 
1,755 
3,035 
2,135 
1,755 
2,495 
2,275 
2,635 
2,495 
2,775 
3,035 
3,035 
3,035 


2.915 
2,775 
3,335 
3,635 
3,335 
3,335 
3,635 
2,635 
2,495 
2,135 
2,015 
2,015 
2,275 
2,915 
2,915 
3,635 
4,735 
6,035 
4,935 
4,595 
5,355 
6,615 
6,615 
5,095 
4,035 
3,335 
2,915 
2,635 
1,885 
1,325 


835 
985 
835 
985 
1,208 
490 
412 
409 
315 
519 
472 
390 
300 
293 
312 
327 
319 
312 
330 
1,530 
1,550 
1,020 
500 
412 
409 
815 
315 
250 
322 
355 
360 


360 
155 
245 
245 
284 
239 
212 
242 
515 
276 
360 
305 
305 
257 
260 
260 
235 
220 
157 
153 
147 
143 
139 
139 
139 
105 
113 
122 
122 
122 


ill 
102 
102 
111 
90 
76 
76 
76 
135 
140 
143 
140 
135 
127 
123 
118 
118 
111 
111 
111 
106 
72 
122 
130 
144 
135 
127 
127 
118 
118 
111 












2 












3 












3 












5 












6 
























8 












9 












10 












11 












12 












13 












14 












15 












16 












17 












18 












19 












20 












21 












22 












23 












24 












25 












26 '. 












27 












28 












29 












30 












31 


























1,313 




3,137 


3,530 


561 


219 


115 


























* No record kept. 



Sec. ft. 
8,000 



7,000 



5,000 



3,000 



2,000 



1,000 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 










































- 


















N 

0! 




























































































































































































1 


3S 


8 


























































































































































| 


1 




1 






























































1 




ll 


I 


1 


L 
























































\W U X f 



Fig. No. 51.— Discharge of Schoharie Creek at Fort Hunter, Montgomery County, N. Y., 



105 



Sec. ft. 


JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SE PT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 














1 '1 
1 






1 '. 
I 

1 
































































































































1 1 


























































































1 


89 


9 


































I 1 


































































2,000 ._. 












































[ 


j 


I 


























































1 






d 


L 
















N 





IE 


cc 


RO- 










- 


| 


































r 












m 







Fig. No. 52.— Discharge of Schoharie Creek at Fort Hunter, Montgomery County, N. Y., 1899. 



Sec. ft. 
8,000 



7,000 



5,000 



4,000 



2,000 



1,000 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 




Hi 

'\ 
CD 


































































































































































































































1 














1 


90 





































, 










|i 




1 


























































■o 




A. 
























































V 

at 

o 

z 




Ill 


i 




i 


































' 










If 


1 






1 


n 










i 


i 


Id 


fc 









































Fig. No. 53.— Discharge of Schoharie Creek at Fort Hunter, Montgomery County, N. Y., 1900. 



106 



Mean, Monthly Run-Off of Schoharie Creek at Fort Hunter, Montgomery County, N. Y. 
[Drainage area, 947 square miles.] 



MONTH. 


SECOND-FEET. 


SECOND-FEET 
PER SQUARE MILE. 


INCHES ON 
DRAINAGE AREA. 




1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 






2,307 

1,944 

3,792 

4,100 

579 

226 

187 

142 

916 

1,603 

875 


1,313 




2.44 
2.05 
4.01 
4.33 
0.61 
0.24 
0.20 
0.15 
0.97 
1.69 
0.92 


1.38 




2.81 
2.13 
4.62 
4.83 
0.70 
0.26 
0.23 
0.17 
1.08 
1.95 
1.02 














3,137 

3,530 

561 

219 

115 




3.31 
3.73 
0.59 
0.23 
0.12 




























0.14- 








129 
1,1-12 
2,148 
1,573 




0.14 

1.21 
2.27 
1.66 




0.15 
1.36 
2.53 
1.91- 


































SCHOHARIE CREEK AT MILL POINT, MONTGOMERY 

COUNTY, N. Y. 

A current meter station was established at Mill Point highway 
bridge on July 5, 1900. The stream bed is stoney and fairly per- 
manent- The channel is of nearly constant width at all stages of 
the stream. 

Current meter measurements were made as follows: 



DATE. 


Gauge height. 


Discharge 
(second-feet). 


July 5 : 


0.64 
0.47 


87' 




141 






Tart.tc No. 26-— Daily. Gauge Height of- Seholiafiz Creek, at Mill Point for 1900. 




DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec- 


1900. 
1 
















0.65 
.65 
.45 
.40 
.50 
.35 
.40 
.35 
.30 
.30 
.40 
.40 
.45 
.30 
.25 
.40 
.95 

1.45 
.95 
.72 
.70 
.75 
.70 
.60 
.55 
,50 
.45 
.50 
.50 
.55 
.43 


0.35 
.35 
.35 
.K0 
.25 
.22 
.40 
.30 
.30 
.25 
.45 
.45 
.35 
.35 
.30 
.35 
.35 
.30 
.85 
.25 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.30 
.35 
.30 
.30 
.35 
.45 
.45 


0.50 
.50 
.45 
.40 
.40 
.45 
.35 
.30 
.15 
.00 
.00 
.35 
.45 
.15 
.30 
.30 
.40 
.45 
.45 
.45 
.40 
.30 
.60 
.60 
.50 
.70 
.75 
.52 
.45 
.52 
•50 


0.55 
.45 
.60 
.60 
.50 
.40 
.60 
.60 
.65 
.85 
.60 
.60 
.80 
.90 
.72 
.65 




2 


















3 


















4 


















5 


















6 














0.60 
0.35 
.70 
.51) 
.80 
.70 
.70 
.60 
.60 
.60 
.65 
.60 
.65 
.65 
.65 
.60 
.95 
.90 
.80 
.85 
.80 
.80 
.811 
.70 
.70 
.65 




7 
















8 
















9 
















10 
















11 
















12 
















13 
















14 
















15 
















16 
















17 
















18 


















19 


















20 


















21 


















22 


















23 


















24 


















25 


















26 


















27 


















28 


















29 


















30 


















31 






































Fig. No. 54. — Schoharie Falls dam, Montgomery County, N. Y. , showing form of crest 

section. 




Fig. No. 55. — Turbines used as water meters at Schoharie Falls, Montgomery County, 

N. Y. 



107 



SCHOHARIE CREEK AT s< IIOHARIF FALLS, MONTGOM- 
ERY COUNTY, N. 5 

A dam and power plant has been erected b\ the Empire State 
Power Co., of Amsterdam, X. V.. at Schoharie Falls, 1 mile above 
Mill Point gauging station. The dam is of masonry, backed with 
timber. It has a flat crest, 1 foot in width, and a slope on the 
upstream face of approximately 2^ :1. The crest is 380 feet long 
and nearly level. 

Gaugings have been made by the engineers of the company 
during the low water period of the present year. A part of the 
time the flow was concentrated over a sharp-crested gauging weir 
placed near the head of the power canal. Gauges have been fur- 
nished by the Geological Survey, and when the plant is set in 
operation, a record will be kept by the company, showing the 
flow over the dam and spillway, and through the turbines and 
flood gates. Two double horizontal Sampson turbines, 40 inches 
in diameter, have been installed. The turbines are designed to 
work under a head of 42 feet, and are rated at 1,800 horse-power. 
A photograph of one of these wheels is shown in Fig. 45. A 
similar wheel has been tested at Holyoke. A rating curve, pre- 
pared from the results of the test, will enable the wheels to be 
used as water meters to determine the flow 7 in the pow T er canal. 

The drainage areas tributary to Schoharie creek at various 
gauging stations are as follows: 



LOCATION. 



Mouth 

Erie canal aqueduct. 

Fort Hunter dam 

Mill Point bridge .... 
Schoharie Falls dam. 



Drainage area 
(square miles). 



947 
949.8 
946.7 
934 , 
630 



SCHROOX RIVER AT WARREXSBURG, WARREX 
COUNTY, X. Y. 

A gauging record was established at the dam of Schroon River 
Pulp Co., 2 miles below Warrensburg, Xovember 1, 1895, in con- 
nection with Upper Hudson Storage Survey.* Conditious at the 



*See Report of State Engineer and Surveyor of New York, 1895, page 118; also Water 
Supply and Irrigation Paper, No. 35, page 58. 



108 

Warrensburg gauging station are somewhat peculiar. During 
ordinary water an attempt is made to turn the entire flow of the 
stream, less leakage, through the water wheels, which run 24 
hours per day, Sundays excepted, This is accomplished by the 
use of flashboards and by draught from the storage impounded by 
Starbuckville dam. During extreme low-water the mill is shut 
down altogether. As a rule, no water passe® over the dam at 
this time, the entire flow leaking through. A balance is main- 
tained between the inflow and outgo by fluctuations in the pond 
level, thereby varying the pond storage and also the head on the 
leaks. As no record is kept when the mill is not running, it has 
been necessary to estimate the low-water flow, which was taken 
at 150 second-feet in 1899, this being the assumed leakage of the 
Starbuckville dam.* 

The apparently uniform regimen of the stream during con- 
siderable periods of time may be accounted for as the result of 
draught and storage from the Starbuckville dam. 

A current meter measurement of the leakage of the dam, fl^ne, 
and flashboards at the Schroon River Pulp Co.'s mill was made 
on August 9, 1900, in the open channel about -J mile below the 
dam. The flow at this point was" found to be 285 second-feet. 
This amount has been taken as the low-water flow and leakage 
during the present year. The dam is of timber, and was con- 
sidered nearly water-tight when built. There is evidence that 
the leakage has increased year by year. 

The flow over the dam, without flashboards, has been taken from 
a diagram, which was deducted from experiments made at Cornell 
University, on a weir having similar cross section. The flow over 
flashboards has been calculated by means of Francis Formula, 
with a constant coefficient of 3.33. 



*See Report of the Merchants' Association of New York on the Water Supply of the 
City of New York, page 337. 



109 



Table No. 27.— Mean Daily Flow of Sehroon Hirer at Warrensburg, Cubic Feet Ter Second. 
[Drainage area, 563 square miles.] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 

*-4 


1899. 

1 


611* 

641 

641 

641 

641 

641 

608 

575* 

575 

575 

575 

575 

575 

608 

641* 

641 

641 

641 

641 

641 

608 

575* 

575 

575 

575 

575 

575 

575 

575* 

575 

575 


478 

478 
478 
478 

478* 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478* 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478* 

478 

478" 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478* 

478 

478 


478 

478 

478 

478 

478* 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478* 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478 

559 

641* 

641 

641 

641 

641 

718 

718 

718* 

718 

718 

718 

718 

718 


7C8 

708* 

708 

708 

708 

708 

708 

708 

1,999* 

3,291 

3,291 

3,291 

3,291 

3,291 

3,291 

3,362* 

3,443 

3,443 

3,443 

3,443 

3,443 

3,443 

4,273* 

5,103 

5,103 

5,103 

5,103 

5,103 

5,103 

5,103* 


4,851 


1 ROfi 


304 

304* 

304 

304 

804 

304 

304 

304 

304* 

304 

304 

804 

150 

150 

150 

150* 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150* 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150* 

150 


150 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150* 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150* 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150* 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150* 

150 

150 

150 

150 


150 

150 

150* 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150* 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150 

150* 

150 

150 

381 

381 

381 

381 

381* 

381 

381 

381 

381 

381 

381 


381* 
381 
381 
381 

478 

478 

478 

478* 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478* 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478* 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478 

478* 

478 

478 


1,468 

1,468 

1,468 

1,468 

1,468* 

1,468 

1,468 

1,468 

1,318 

1,318 

1,171 

1,106* 

1,041 

983 

901 

861 

841 

841 

841* 

841 

841 

841 

841 

841 

841 

774* 

708 

708 

708 

708 


708 

708 

708* 

708 

708 

708 

708 


•> 


4,854 1.S0B 


3 


4,851 

4,854 

4,854 

4,854 

4,487* 

4,121 

4,121 

4,121 

4,121 

4,121 

3,493 

3,307* 

3,121 

3,121 

2,931 

2,931 

2,931 

2,381 

2,181* 

1,981 

1,981 

1,981 

1,981 

1,981 

1,506 

1,448* 

1,391 

1,391 

1,391 


1,506 

1,367* 

1,228 

1,228 

1,228 

1,228 

1,228 

1,228 

1,228* 

1,228 

1,228 

1,228 

1,228 

1,228 

1,228 

1,228* 

1,228 

1,228 

1,228 

1,228 

1,228 

970 

675* 

381 

381 

381 

381 

381 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 




9 


708 


10 




11 




12 




13 




14 




15.. 


1,041 
1,101 


16 


17 


1,127* 


18 




19 




20 




21 




22 




23 


1,153 


24 




25 


1,153 


26 




J7 


1,101 


28 


1,101 


29 


1,041 


30 


1,041 
1,041* 


31 






606 


478 


564 


2,877 


3,150 


1,093 


210 


150 


234 


462 


1,047 


943 


1900. 
1 


810 

810 

810 

810 

810 

810 

810* 

810 

810 

810 

810 

810 

810 

810* 

810 

810 

810 

810 

810 

810 

810* 

810 

810 

810 

810 

810 

810 

810* 

810 

810 

810 


810 

810 

810 

810* 

810 

810 

810 

810 

810 

810 

1,895* 

2,035 

1,165 

1,945 

1,945 

1,945 

1,945 

1,892* 

1,840 

1,795 

1,710 

1 608 

1,608 

1,608 

1,571* 

1,535 

1,475 

1,435 


1,360 

1,290 

1,230 

1,304* 

1,178 

1,140 

1,133 

1,123 

1,123 

1,123 

1,123* 

1,123 

1,133 

1,123 

1,123 

1,123 

1,123 

1,120* 

1,117 

1,107 

1,100 

1,089 

1,085 

1,085 

1,085* 

1,085 

1,155 

1,130 

1,110 

1,110 

1,110 


1,162* 

1,215 

1,315 

1,395 

1,535 

1,535 

1,741 

1,947* 

2,155 

2,155 

2,155 

2,225 

2,305 

2,465 

2,765* 

3,065 

3,865 

3,545 

4,115 

5,365 

7,010 

7,745* 

6,945 

6,945 

6,210 

6,685 

6,315 

5,365 

5,095* 

4,825 


3,965 

2,885 

2,625 

2,305 

2,155 

2,045* 

1,935 

1,748 

1,715 

1,715 

1,715 

1,715 

1,670* 

1,625 

1,605 

1,685 

1,545 

1,535 

1,525 

1,470* 

1,415 

1,375 

1,355 

1,295 

1,295 

1,125 

1,025* 

1,085 

1,085 

1,085 

1,085 


1,085 

1,217 

1,349* 

1,565 

1,990 

1,890 

1,890 

1,890 

1,890 

1,725* 

1,565 

1,425 

1,300 

1,290 

1,300 

1,300 

1,187* 

1,075 

963 

963 

963 

963 

963 

963* 

963 

963 

963 

963 

963 

963 


885 

810 

810 

810 

810* 

810 

810 

810 

616 

616 

616 

616* 

616 

616 

616 

539 

539 

539 

365* 

365 

285 

285 

285 

285 

285 

285* 

285 

285 

285 

285 

285 
























3 












4 












5 












6 












7 












g 












9 












10 












11 












12 












13 












14 












15 












16 












17 












18 












19 












20 












21 












22 












23 












24 












35 












26 












27 












28 












29 












30 












31... 






















810 


1,380 


1 140 


3,688 


1,688 


1,280 


528 












1 









110 



Sec. ft. 
8,000 



7,000 



6,000 



5,000 



4,000 



3,000 



2,000 



JAN. 
10 20 ■ 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY • 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. f 
10 20 1 






























































































































































































































































1 


38 


5 








































































- 








































































y 
























































































.' 








J 


i 


k 


1 






























































4 


ft 







Fig. No. 56.— Discharge of Schroon River at Warrensburg, Warren County, N. Y., 1895. 



Sec. ft. 
b,000 



JAN. 
20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 






















































































































































































































































1 


B9 


6 


































































































































































. 








I 









































































































7,000 



6,000 



5,000 



4,000 



3,000 



2,000 



1,000 



Fig. Mo. 67.— Discharge of Sehroou River at Warrensburg, Warren County, N. Y., 18s»6. 



Ill 



See. ft 
8,000 

7,000 

6,000 
5,000 


JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 






























































































































































































































































I 


B97 
































3,000 
2,000 
1,000 




















1 






































































1 




1 


11 






| 


























II 






















1 


Jl 


1 




I 


L 


J 


i 


[ 












J 


J 




1 


■ 














km 


m 














i 


■H 



Fig. No. 58.— Discharge of Scbroon River at Warrensburg, Warren County, N. Y., 1897. 



Sec. ft> 
8,000 



7,000 



6,000 



5,000 



4,000 



3,000 



2,000 



1,000 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC 
10 20 






























































































































































































































































1 


8£ 


8 














































1 '■ 
































































































































1 
















1 
















































1 










1 




\ 


































r-| 
























































_J 



Fm. No. 59.— Discharge of Schroon River at Warrensburg, Warren County, N. Y., 1898. 



112 



Sec. ft. 
8,000 



7,000 



6,000 



3,000 



2,000 



1,000 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 

10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


dec. : 

10 20 J 




























































































































































































































































1 


89 


9 













































































































































































































































































































































Fig. No. 60.— Discharge of Schroon Elver at Warrensburg, Warren County, N. Y., 1899. 



8,000 



6,000 



5,000 



3,000 



2,000 




Fig. No. 61.— Discharge of Schroon River at Warrensburg, Warren County, N. Y., 1900. 



113 



Mean Xonthly~_Run-Off <rf Sehroon River at Pfarrensburg, Warren County, N. »'. 
[Drainage area 563 5 square miles.] 

MEAN MONTHLY FLOW IN SECOND-FEKT. 



MONTH. 


1895. 


1896. 


1897 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 






2,779 
516 

1,664 

3,280 
728 
827 
276 
265 
215 
330 

1,089 
243 


S37 
188 
788 

3,164 
1,822 
2,384 
1,436 
1,377 
381 
166 
2,077 
3,776 


852 

416 

3,194 

3,858 

2,203 

568 

216 

333 

166 

263 

464 

783 


606 

478 

564 

3,877 

3,1511 
1,093 
310 
150 
334 
462 
1,047 
948 


810 






1,380 






1.140 






3,688 






1,688 






l,3b0 






538 






















478 
1,233 












„ 








' 









1 


f" 





SECOND-FEET PER SQUARE MILE. 



MONTH. 


1895. 1896. 


1897. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 






4.92 

0.92 
2.96 
5.83 
1.11 
1.47 
0.49 
0.47 
0.38 
0.59 
1.94 
0.43 


0.60 
0.33 
1.31 
5.80 
3.24 
4.24 
2.54 
■ 2.45 
0.50 
0.29 
3.09 
4.93 


1.16 
0.74 
5.68 
5.07 
3.91 
1.01 
0.38 
0.40 
0.30 
0.47 
0.82 
1.40 


1.25 
0.85 
1.00 
5.11 
5.60 
1.94 
0.37 
0.27 
0.41 
0.82 
1.86 
1.68 


1.44 






2.45 






2.02 


April 




6.55 






3.00 






2.27 


July 




0.94 






















0.85 
2.19 
































' 





INCHES ON DRAINAGE AREA. 



MONTH. 


1895. 


1896. 


1897. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 






5.70 
0.95 
3.41 
6.51 
1.49 
1.64 
0.56 
0.54 
0.43 
0.68 
2.16 
0.48 


0.69 
0.35 
1.51 
6.28 
3.73 
4.73 
2.92 
2.82 
0.56 
0.33 
4.12 
5.69 


1.75 
0.77 
6.55 
5.66 
4.52 
1.13 
0.44 
0.46 
0.33 
0.54 
0.92 
1.61 


1.25 
0.89 
1.16 
5.72 
6.47 
2.17 
0.43 
0.31 
0.46 
0.95 
2.o8 
1.93 


1.66 






2.54 






2.32 


April . . . 




7.31 






3.46 






2.53 


July., 




1.05 






















0.94 
2.53 









































114 



SENECA RIVER AT BALDWINSVILLE, ONONDAGA 
COUNTY, N. Y. 

This gauging station has been described in Water-Supply and 
Irrigation Paper No. 36, page 183. Seneca river drains the central 
lake region of New York. The outlets of Otisco, Skaneateles and 
Owasco lakes are crossed by 'the Erie canal, and a portion of their 
flow is intercepted for water supply purposes. Water from Lake 
Erie feeds the main canal as far as Port Bryon. Some of this 
water is discharged into Seneca river and thence returned to Lake 
Ontario. 

The upper reaches of the stream are canalized, forming the 
Cayuga and Seneca canals, while dams on the lower portion admit 
of slack water navigation, forming a part of Oswego canal. Dur- 
ing the summer but little water flows over the dam at Baldwins- 
ville. In times of low-water, the mills are only allowed to run a 
certain number of hours during the day, or until the supply 
accumulated in the pond above the dam is drawn down to a cer- 
tain level. 

The water is diverted through three power canals and conducted 
to the water wheels by means of short lateral channels. The loss 
through leakage of wheel gates, flumes and penstocks is consider- 
able. 

Current meter measurements at Baldwinsville have been made 
as follows: 



Discharge 
(second-feet). 



June 11, 1900: 

Amos race 

Oswego canal 

Main stream at raiiroad bridge* 

Total flow 



193.5 
504.5 
1,183 

1,881 



Sept. 11, 1900 (no water flowing over dam) : 

South Side canal I 475 

Oswego canal 317 

Amos race 127 



Total flow. 



♦Including South Side canal. 




Fig. No. 62.— Tailrace, Morris Machine Works. Baldwinsville, Onondaga County, N. Y. , 

showing leakage. 



115 



Baldwinsville record shows a relatively low run-off for this 
stream. The 1900 record is withheld for the present, additional 
measurements to determine leakage, etc., being needed. 

WEST CANADA CREEK AT MIDDLEVILLE, HERKIMER 

COUNTY, N. Y. 

This creek rises in the southwestern part of Hamilton county 
and flows in a southwesterly direction through Herkimer county, 
emptying into Mohawk river. It has a considerable fall through- 
out its length, with chances of water power development. 

Measurements of flow have been made at Middleville, at the 
dam of the Nelson Knitting Company, which supplies power to 
four mills. The dam is of timber, with a nearly level crest, aside 
from the ice slide in the northern portion. 

The principal element of uncertainty with this record in the 
past was considered to be leakage of the dam, etc., which had 
been taken at 50 second-feet. Current meter measurements were 
made on September 10 to determine the leakage of the dam and 
the low-water flow of the stream at this station. 



Second-feet. 



Highway bridge below dam, measured flow in main stream channel 
Measured flow in hydraulic canal 

Total flow from current meter measurements 



113 
132 



The calculated flow from the gauge record gives the following 
results: 



Flow over dam, gauge reading 0.67. . . , 
Leakage previously estimated 

Total flow in main channel , 

Calculated diversion to water wheels 

Total flow as estimated , 



Second-feet. 



110 
131 



(See Water Supply and Irrigation Paper, U. S. G. S., No. 35, page 49.) 



116 



Unfortunately, no current meter measurements to check the cal- 
culated flow during high-water have as yet been made. 

The highest water observed occurred in August, 1898, when 
the water rose to a depth of 5.5 feet on the crest of the Middle- 
ville dam. The discharge at this time cannot be accurately 
estimated, as a part of the water flowed around the end of the 
dam and passed overland to the stream channel below. High- 
water marks at the Newport dam indicate that the spring freshet 
discharge has been as great as 22,000 second-feet, or 46.6 second- 
feet per square mile from a drainage area of 472 square miles. 

The lowest water in this stream occurs Sundays, when the flow 
is held back as pond storage by dams above Middleville. Aside 
from this, the most notable low-water period was September 2 
to 12, inclusive, 1899, the mean flow at Middleville for eleven days 
being 183 second-feet per square mile. 



Mean Monthly Run-off of West Canada Creek at Middleville, Herkimer County, N. T. 
[Drainage area, 518 square miles.] 



MONTH. 


SECOND-FKET. 


SECOND-FEET 
PER SQUARE MILE. 


INCHES ON 
DRAINAGE AREA. 




1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 






1,150 

1,594 

1,1(6 

3,365 

1,456 

397 

324 

235 

221 

324 

577 

1,259 


1,366 




2.21 
3.07 
2.26 
6.48 
2.80 
0.76 
0.62 
0.45 
0.52 
0.62 
1.11 
2.43 


2.63 




2.54 
3.19 
2.60 
7.23 
3.22 
0.85 
0.71 
0.52 
0.58 
0.71 
1.23 
2. SO 


3.03 






















April 


















924 
406 
451 
463 

419 


2.02 

2.14 
1.97 


1.78 
0.78 
0.87 
0.89 
0.80 


2.33 
2.38 
2.27 


2.05 






0.87 


July . . . 




l.OO 






1.02 






0.S9 




1,161 

1,110 
1,024 
































26.81 























117 



Table No. 38.— Mean Daily Flow of West Canada Creek at Middlevtlle, Herkimer County, X. V., 

i 'ubio feet Per Second. 



[Drainage area 518 square miles, ] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


FeV). 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1898. 
1 






















777 

670 

584 

595 

450 

550* 

911 

626 

711 

1,679 

4,240 

4,163 

2,410* 

1,318 

1,071 

788 

816 

752 

800 

970* 

904 

801 

990 

983 

775 

602 

740* 

1,224 

679 

713 




a 
























3 




















580 


4 






















5 






















589 

H51 


6 










































1,662 

407 

404* 

398 

447 

461 

481 

569 

3,152 

1,894* 

1,263 

968 

783 

689 

737 

981 

1,894* 

1,758 

1,299 

1,055 

2,436 

2,554 

1,580 

1,129* 

979 


B 






















9 






















Ill 






















11 






















12 






















13 






















14 






















15 




















1,123 

1,362 
1,413 
1,349* 
1.374 
1,469 
1,288 
1,614 
2,072 
■ 2,083 
1,739" 
1,425 
1,181 
892 


16 




















17 




















18 




















19 




















20 




















ai 


















aa. 


















23 


















2* 




















85 




















26 




















27 




















28 




















29 




















711 


30 




















1,082 
1,492 


31 




























































1,161 


1,110 


1,024 






















1899. 


1,216* 

1,241 

1,378 

1,376 

3,445 

3,500 

1,858 

1,315* 

1,173 

782 

462 

786 

1,119 

1,132 

1,615* 

1,760 

1,771 

1,102 

621 

519 

563 

535* 

568 

616 

701 

763 

640 

626 

605* 

818 

1,010 


1,135 
1,205 
1,335 
1,310 
1,292* 
1,203 
1,101 
1,172 
937 
1.535 
1,350 
1,690* 
1,418 
1,227 
1,666 
2,640 
2.500 
2,111 
2,410* 
1,562 
1,816 
1,966 
2,044 
1,764 
1,660 
1,490* 
1,564 
1,444 


1,563 

1,354 

1,208 

1,191 

1,348* 

1,635 

1,835 

1,207 

942 

812 

751 

1,340* 

1,724 

1,632 

1,181 

1,071 

814 

914 

1,060* 

1,175 

1,555 

1.412 

1,179 

1,180 

1,203 

1,313* 

764 

795 

762 

685 

75S 


821 

523* 

620 

622 

680 

680 

748 

1,697 

1,503* 

1,601 

1,588 

2,230 

2,465 

3,228 

3,582 

3,513* 

3,549 

3,751 

4,477 

5,717 

5,564 

5,381 

6,083* 

5,956 

5,904 

6,994 

6,208 

5,779 

4,969 

4,513* 


2,979 

4,760 

2,696 

2,735 

1,926 

1,455 

1,238* 

1,187 

2,170 

1,422 

1,073 

1,189 

1,003 

995* 

1,196 

888 

1,143 

1,064 

1,183 

1,633 

1,240* 

1,274 

996 

884 

844 

801 

728 

810* 

1,255 

1,179 

1,191 


1,114 
763 
593 
550* 
531 
480 
294 
314 
258 
182 
130* 
283 
29 J 
248 
753 
8S9 
499 
320* 
339 
331 
373 
346 
263 
203 
155* 
283 
273 
280 
308 
275 


198 

140* 

20C 

116 

240 

240 

256 

201 

675* 

993 

807 

443 

445 

343 

236 

430* 

600 

560 

479 

345 

327 

225 

140* 

241 

241 

241 

244 

239 

171 

115* 

234 


273 

292 

345 

316 

337 

155* 

286 

262 

256 

246 

248 

214 

125* 

254 

216 

253 

239 

235 

174 

110* 

221 

245 

257 

229 

254 

183 

110* 

255 

247 

262 

269 


257 

191 

145* 

145 

210 

205 

195 

219 

169 

145* 

188 

201 

221 

205 

204 

189 

145* 

197 

208 

213 

239 

238 

204 

145* 

209 

476 

433 

248 

213 

386 


480* 
510 
470 
436 
337 
253 
288 
190* 
232 
220 
234 
210 
239 
219 
140* 
241 
238 
235 
217 
152 
261 
190* 
245 
225 
238 
231 
257 
224 
965* 
1,040 
629 


1,281 
2,867 
1,744 
1,199 
1,040* 
831 
469 
542 
482 
390 
420 
410* 
342 
313 
373 
343 
863 
372 
220* 
337 
310 
363 
293 
273 
273 
249* 
312 
292 
310 
310 


330 


2 




3 


710* 


4 

5 


710 


6 


540 




1,750 

1,670 

840 


8 


9 


10 




11 


640 


12 


3,150 
4 710 


13 


14 


2 530 


15 


'740 


16 




17 




18 


1,060 
1,880 
3,520 
2,530 
1,400 


19 


20 


21 


22 


23 


21 


1,150* 


25 


26 




27 




28 




29 




30 




31 










1,150 


1,594 


1,176 


3,365 


1,456 


397 


324 


235 


221 


324 


577 


1,359 



118 



Table No. 28.— Mean Daily Flow of West Canada Creek at Middleville, Herkimer County, N. Y„ 
Cubic Feet Per Second— (Concluded). 

[Drainage area, 518 square miles.] 



DAY. 


Jan. 


+ Feb. 


tMar. 


+ Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 

320* 

338 

381 

330 

299 

289 

358 

500* 

523 

448 

454 

538 

442 

350 

320* 

439 

424 

517 

523 

487 

547 

530* 

488 

349 

511 

636 

567 

445 

373* 

481 

386 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1900. 


824 

722 

984 

1,001 

1,219 

1,227 

1 ,240* 

1,244 

1,156 

1,106 

972 

937 

930 

965* 

1,011 

1,051 

1,068 

1,442 

2,440 

1,485 

2,680* 

2,403 

2,006 

2,874 

2,396 

2,093 

2,394 

730* 

870 

780 

530 










415 

358 

530* 

490 

524 

522 

491 

557 

676 

480* 

536 

495 

420 

412 

368 

341 

284* 

332 

389 

334 

281 

316 

298 

284* 

273 

219 

306 

326 

520 

431 


362 
450 
450 
315 
190* 
249 
235 
206 
205 
168 
200 
363* 
437 
971 
1,021 
1,516 
541 
490 
370* 
415 
344 
327 
269 
258 
398 
. 320* 
506 
551 
674 
599 
534 


457 

320* 

459 

453 

464 

494 

534 

421 

280* 

401 

393 

324 

278 

270 

176 

136* 

227 

266 

282 

291 

321 

818 

947* 

940 

608 

574 

464 

364 

286 

320* 








2.. 
















3 
















4 
















5 
















6 
















7 
















8 
















9 
















10.. 








1,667 

1,643 

1,228 

1,429* 

1,037 

1,281 

1,069 

1,127 

1,268 

1,205 

1,362* 

959 

744 

637 

595 

544 

437 

390* 

466 

423 

380 

413 








11 














12 














13 














14 














15.. 














16 














17.. 














18 














19 














20 














21 














22 , 














23 














24 














25 














26 














27 














28....: 














29..'...... 














30...... 














31.. 
































1,366 








924 


406 


451 


463 


419 























* Sundays. t Kecord not kept. 



Sec. ft. 
8,000 

.7,000 

6,000 


JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 












































- 






































































































5,000 










































































4,000 






































I 


39 


8 
































3,000 










































































2,000 


























































I 


i 














1,000 
































































1 




| 


1 





























































1' :'f rp 

: — 1 



Fig No. 63.— Discharge of West Canada Creek at Middleville, Herkimer County, N. Y., 1898. 



110 



See. ft. 
8,000 



7,000 



6,000 



5,000 



4,000 



3,000 



2,000 



1,000 



JAN 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR 
10 20 


10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY- 
10 20 


AUG.- 
10 20 


SEPT 
10 20 


OCT 

10 20 


NOV 
'0 20 


DEC 
10 20 






















































































































































































































































1 


B9 


9 



























































































































































































































































































































































Fig. No. 64.— Discharge of West Canada CreeKat.Middleville, Herkimer County, N. Y., 1899. 



See. ft 
8,000 



7,000 



6,000 



5,000 



4,000 



3,000 



2,000 



1,000 



JAN. 
10 20 


FEB. 
10 20 


MAR. 
10 20 


APR. 
10 20 


MAY 
10 20 


JUNE 
10 20 


JULY 
10 20 


AUG. 
10 20 


SEPT. 
10 20 


OCT. 
10 20 


NOV. 
10 20 


DEC. 
10 20 






























































































































































































































































1 


90 













































































































1 






































































i 
























k 


















J 




























1 












No 


R< 


ICO 


rd 








1 


L 


4 


k 


d 


u 


M 


1 


It 


i 


4 


1 


U 


k 





















Fia. No. 65.— Discharge of West Canada Creek at Middleville, Herkimer County, N. Y., 1900. 



120 



WEST CANADA CREEK AT TWIN EOCK BRIDGE AND 
TRENTON FALLS, ONEIDA COUNTY, N. Y. 

Twin Rock bridge crosses West Canada creek two miles above 
Hinckley, practically at the point of emergence of the stream from 
the Adjrondacks. Tlie bridge is of iron, having two spans, and a 
length of 187.5 feet between abutments. The stream bed is of 
gravel and rock, and the conditions are unusually favorable for 
a current meter station. A gauge board was set and a record 
commenced on September 7. The gauge is read at 7 a. m. and at 
6 p. m. each day, and the average of the two daily readings is 
given in the following table. 

A current meter measurement, made on September 7, showed 
the discharge to be 182 second-feet. The gauge reading was 0.37. 

The record at Twin Rock bridge is kept by the ITtica Electric 
Light and Power Co. This company is erecting a power plant at 
Trenton Falls, four miles farther down stream. A concrete dam 
has been constructed, and a head of 265 feet will be obtained on 
the turbines, which are of special design. It is the intention, 
after this is completed, to keep a continuous record of the amount 
of water used by the turbines, and of the flow over the spillways. 

The relative drainage areas tributary to the different gauging 
stations on West Canada creek are shown below. 



Mouth 

Middleville 

Trenton Falls 

Twin Rock bridge 



Drainage area 
(square miles). 



569 
519 
375 
252 



121 



J'ahi.k Ho. 89.— Daily Gauge U,iyhtofWest Canada Creek at Twin Rook Bridge, Herkimer and Oneida 

Counties, N. Y., for 1900. 



PAY. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1 




















0.8^ 

0.7^ 

0.6^ 

0.7 

0.6 

0.5^ 

0.6^ 

0.8« 

0.7^ 

0.9 

0.8^ 

0.7 

0.6 

1.2* 

1.3 

1.1 

1.0* 

1.0 

0.9* 

1-1* 

0.6* 

0.6 

2.3 

2.4* 

1.7* 

1.7 

2.5* 

1.9* 

1.1* 

1.2 

1.5 


0.9 
1.6 
1.1 

i.e* 
i.i* 

1.7 

4.5* 

4-2* 

3.0* 

1-4* 




a 






















3 






















4 






















5 






















6 






















7 






















8 






















9... 


















0.3^ 
0.3M 
0.3^ 
0.3M 
0.3M, 
0.3^ 
0.39i 
-0.7M 

0.4^ 

0.3 

0.3 

1.6« 

2.9 

2.3^ 

1.5 

0.9J^ 

1.1 

0.9 

0.9^ 

1.0 

O.SJ^ 

0.9 




10 




















11 




















12 






















13... 






















14... 






















15 






















16 






















17 






















18 






















19 






















20 






















21 






















22 






















23 






















21 






















25 






















26 






















27 






















2S .- 






















29 






















80 






















31 















































List of Photographs Accompanying Report on New York 
Stream Gaugings, 1900. 



Fig. Opposite 

No. Title. page 

5. Timber dam, Cayadutta creek at gauging station near Johns- 

town 25 

6. Gauging weir across Cayadutta Creek below Johnstown 25 

30. N. Y. State dam on Mohawk River at Rexford Flats 71 

40. Cable station on Oswego River, 8 miles from Lake Ontario. ... 88 

41. N. Y. State high dam on Oswego River, 3 miles from Lake 

Ontario 88 

46. Timber dam, Sauquoit Creek gauging station 97 

50. Fort Hunter dam on Schoharie Creek during low water 102 

54. Schoharie Falls dam, showing form of crest section 107 

55. Turbines used as water meters at Schoharie Falls 107 

62. Tailrace, Morris machine works, Baldwinsville, showing leak- 
age 114 

123 



List of Hydrographs Accompanying Report on New York 
Stream Gaugings for the Year 1900. 



Fig. No. Year. 

1. Black River at Huntingtonville dam 1897. 20 

2. Black River at Huntingtonville dam 1898. 20 

3. Black River at Huntingtonville dam 1899. 21 

4. Black River at Huntingtonville dam 1900. 21 

7. Gayadutta Creek near Johnstown ' 1898. 26 

5. Cayadutta Creek near Johnstown 1899. 27 

9. Cayadutta Creek near Johnstown 190O. 27 

10. Chittenango Creek at Bridgeport 1898. 31 

11. Chittenango Creek at Bridgeport 1899. 32 

12. Chittenango Creek at Bridgeport 1900. 32 

13. East Canada Creek at Dolgeville 1898. 37 

14. East Canada Creek at Dolgeville 1899. 38 

15. East Canada Creek at Dolgeville 1900. 38 

16. West Branch Fish Creek at McConnellsville 1898. 41 

17. West Branch Fish Creek at McConnellsville... 1899. 42 

18. West Branch Fish Creek at McConnellsville 1900. 42 

19. Hudson River at Fort Edward .". 1899. 47 

20. Hudson River at Fort Edward 1900. 48 

21. Hudson River at Mechanicville 1898. 51 

22. Hudson River at Mechanicville. . . ... . ". 1899. 51 

23. Hudson River at Mechanicville 1900. 52 

24. Mohawk River at Ridge Mills 1898. 60 

25. Mohawk River at Ridge Mills 1899. 61 

26. Mohawk River at Ridge Mills "1900 61 

27. Mohawk River at Little Falls 1898. 65 

28. Mohawk River at Little Falls 1899. 66 

29. Mohawk River at Little Falls 1900. 66 

31. Mohawk River at Rexf ord Flats 1898. 72 

32. Mohawk River at Rexford Flats 1899. 73 

33. Mohawk River at Rexford Flats 1900. 73 

34. Oneida Creek at Kenwood 1.898. 77 

35. Oneida Creek at Kenwood 1899. 80 

36. Oneida Creek at Kenwood 1900. 8.1 

37. Oriskany Creek at Oriskany 1898. 84 

3S. Oriskany Creek at Oriskany 1899. 85 

39. Oriskany Creek at Oriskany 1900. 85 

124 



125 

Fig. Xo. Tear. Pagi . 

42. Oswego River at High Dam 1697. 93 

43. Oswego River at High 1 >am 1898. 93 

1 1. Oswego River at High Dam 1899. 94 

45. Oswego River al Eigh Dam 1900. 94 

47. Sauquoit Creek al New York .Mills 1898. 99 

48. Sauquoit Creek at New York Mills 1899. 100 

49. Sauquoit Creek at New York Mills 1900. 100 

51. Schoharie Creek at Fort Hunter 189S. 104 

52. Schoharie Creek at Fort Hunter 1899. 105 

53. Schoharie Creek at Fort Hunter 1900. 105 

56. Schroon River at Warrensburg 1895. 110 

57. Schroon River at Warrensburg- 1S96. 110 

58. Schroon River at Warrensburg 1S97. Ill 

59. Schroon River at Warrensburg 1898. Ill 

GO. Schroon River at Warrensburg 1899. 112 

61. Schroon River at Warrensburg 1900. 112 

63. West Canada Creek at Middleville 1898. 118 

04. West Canada Creek at Middleville 1899. 119 

65. West Canada Creek at Middleville 1900. 119 



List of Tables Accompanying Report on New York 
Stream Gaugings for the Year 1900. 



Table 
Ho. 

1. 

2. 
3. 
4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 
15. 
16. 

17. 
18. 
19. 

20. 
21. 
22. 

23. 



Page. 
Location of gauging stations on New Ycrk streams........ 11 

Summary of current meter measurements 13 

Drainage areas tributary to New York streams 13 

Mean daily flow of Black River at Huntingtonville dam, cu- 
bic feet per second 18-19 

Mean daily flow of Cayadutta Creek near Johnstown, cubic 

feet per second 23-26 

Mean daily flow of Chittenango creek at Bridgeport, cubic 

feet per second , . 30-81 

Mean daily flow of East Canada Creek at Dolgeville, cubic 

feet per second 36-3V 

Mean daily flow of West Branch of Fish Creek at McCon- 

nellsville, cubic feet per second 40-41 

Mean daily flow of Hudson River at Fort Edward, cubic 

feet per second 46-47 

Mean daily flow of Hudson River at Mechanicville, cubic 

feet per second 49 i -50 

Depth of water in Indian Lake reservoir for 1900 50 

Mean daily flow of Mohawk River at- Ridge Mills, cubic feet 

per second 59-60 

Mean daily flow of Mohawk River at Little Falls, cubic feet 

^ per second 64-65 

Daily gauge height of Mohawk River at Schenectady, 1899. 68 

Daily gauge height of Mohawk River at Schenectady, 1900. 69 

Mean daily flow of Mohawk River at Rexford Flats, cubic 

feet per second 71-72 

Gauge readings on Mohawk River at West Troy Co.'s dam. . 75-76 
Daily gauge height of Moose River at Moose River for 1900. 77 

Mean daily flow of Oneida Creek at Kenwood, cubic feet 

per second 79-80 

Mean daily flow of Oriskanj r Creek at Oriskany 83-84 

Daily gauge height of Oswego River above Minetto, 1900 . . 89 

Mean daily flow of Oswego River at High Dam, cubic feet 

per second 91-92 

Daily gauge height of Salmon River above Pulaski, 1900. . 96 

126 



127 

Table 
No. Page. 

24. Mean daily flow of Sauquoit Creek at New York Mills 98-90 

25. Daily gauge height Schoharie Creek at Erie Canal Aqueduct 

for 1900 101 

26. Mean daily flow of Schoharie Creek at Fort Hunter, cubic 

feet per second 103-104 

27. Daily gauge height of Schoharie Creek at Mill Point for 

1900 106 

28. Mean daily flow of Schroon River at Warrensburg, cubic 

feet per second 109 

29. Mean daily flow of West Canada Creek at Middleville, cubic 

feet per second 117-118 

SO. Daily gauge height of West Canada Creek at Twin Rock 

Bridge for 1900 121 



CONTENTS. 



Page^ 

Current meter measurements (Table No. 2) 12 

Description of tables of mean daily flow 14 

Drainage areas tributary to New York streams 15 

Beaver River 23 

Black River at Huntingtonville dam 16 

Cayadutta Creek at Johnstown 24 

Chittenango Creek at Bridgeport 28 

East Canada Creek at Dolgeville • 33 

Fish Creek, West Branch, at McConnellsville 39 

Gauging stations, location of, (Table No. 1) 11 

Hudson River at Fort Edward. ; 43 

Hudson River at Mechanicville 48- 

Hydrographs, list of 124 

Indian River at Indian Lake dam 53 

Location of gauging stations (Table No. 1) 11 

Map of State of New York showing stations and water sheds.. facing 128 

Mohawk River gaugings, description 55 

Mohawk River at Ridge Mills 57 

Mohawk River at Little Falls *. 62: 

Mohawk River at Schenectady 67 

Mohawk River at Rexford Flats 69' 

Mohawk River near Dunsbach Ferry 74 

Moose River below McKeever , 76 

Oneida Creek at Kenwood 78 

Oriskany Creek at Oriskany 82" 

Oswego River above Minetto, 8 miles from Lake Ontario 87 

Oswego River at High Dam, 3 miles from Lake Ontario 89- 

Photographs, list of : 123 

Salmon River near Pulaski 95 

Sauquoit Creek at New York Mills 97 

Schoharie Creek at Erie Canal aqueduct 101 

Schoharie Creek at Fort Hunter dam 101 

Schoharie Creek at Mill Point '. 106 

Schoharie Creek at Schoharie Falls 107 

Schroon River at Warrensburg 107 

Seneca River at Baldwinsville 114 

Tables, list of 126: 

West Canada Creek at Middleville 115 

West Canada Creek at Twin Rock Bridge and Trenton Falls 120' 

128 






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fo. Place. County. 

1 Huntlngtonville . . . Jefferson county. 

2 Johnstown Pulton county. 

3 Bridgeport Madison county. 

4 Dolgeville Herkimer county. 

5 McConnellsvlUe . . . . Oneida county. 

6 Fort Edward Washington county. 

7 Mechanlcvllle Saratoga county. 

8 Indian Lake Hamilton county. 

9 Ridge Mills Oneida county. 

10 Little Falls Herkimer county. 

11 Schenectady Schenectady county. 

12 Rexford Flats Saratoga county. 

13 Dunsbach Ferry .... Saratoga county. 

14 Moose River Herkimer county. 

15 Kenwood Madison county. 

10 Orlskany Oneida county. 

17 High Dam, Oswego. Oswego county. 

18 Minetto Oswego county. 

l'J Pulaski Oswego county. 

20 New York Mills. . . . Oneida county. 

21 Fort Hunter Montgomery county. 

22 Mill Point Montgomery county. 

23 Schoharie Falls . . . . Montgomery county. 

24 Warrensburg Warren county. 

25 Baldwlnsville Onondaga county. 

2G Mlddlevllle Herkimer county. 

27 Twin Rock Bridge. Herkimer county. 



C Su&QV?" 



MAP OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 

SHOWING 
GAUGING STATIONS MAINTAINED 
DURING THE YEAR 1900. 



To accompany Annual Report of 

EDWARD A. BOND, 

State Engineer and Surveyor of New York. 



v s yr -t e /?s£ y 



Note.— Run-on* from cross-lined drain 
age areas Is measured at the ganging 
stations which are indicated by circles 
and numbers. 



